64 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
64 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
+++
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title = "Force Sensors"
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author = ["Thomas Dehaeze"]
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draft = false
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### Backlinks {#backlinks}
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- [Signal Conditioner]({{< relref "signal_conditioner" >}})
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- [Sensors]({{< relref "sensors" >}})
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- [Nanopositioning system with force feedback for high-performance tracking and vibration control]({{< relref "fleming10_nanop_system_with_force_feedb" >}})
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- [Collocated Control]({{< relref "collocated_control" >}})
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- [Position Sensors]({{< relref "position_sensors" >}})
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Tags
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:
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## Piezoelectric Force Sensors {#piezoelectric-force-sensors}
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### Dynamics and Noise of a piezoelectric force sensor {#dynamics-and-noise-of-a-piezoelectric-force-sensor}
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An analysis the dynamics and noise of a piezoelectric force sensor is done in ([Fleming 2010](#org82df6e1)) ([Notes]({{< relref "fleming10_nanop_system_with_force_feedb" >}})).
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### Manufacturers {#manufacturers}
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| Manufacturers | Links | Country |
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|---------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|
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| PCB | [link](https://www.pcb.com/products/productfinder.aspx?tx=17) | USA |
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| HBM | [link](https://www.hbm.com/en/6107/force-sensors-with-flange-mounting/) | Germany |
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| Kistler | [link](https://www.kistler.com/fr/produits/composants/capteurs-de-force/?pfv%5Fmetrics=metric) | Swiss |
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| MMF | [link](https://www.mmf.de/force%5Ftransducers.htm) | Germany |
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### Signal Conditioner {#signal-conditioner}
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The voltage generated by the piezoelectric material generally needs to be amplified.
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Either **charge** amplifiers or **voltage** amplifiers can be used.
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| Manufacturers | Links | Country |
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|---------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|
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| PCB | [link](https://www.pcb.com/products?m=482c15) | USA |
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| HBM | [link](https://www.hbm.com/en/2660/paceline-cma-charge-amplifier-analogamplifier/) | Germany |
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| Kistler | [link](https://www.kistler.com/fr/produits/composants/conditionnement-de-signal/) | Swiss |
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| MMF | [link](https://www.mmf.de/signal%5Fconditioners.htm) | Germany |
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### Effect of using multiple Stacks in series of parallels {#effect-of-using-multiple-stacks-in-series-of-parallels}
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If two stack are wired in series, the generated charge is kept constant and the capacitance is reduced by a factor 2.
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Thus, the measured voltage is double while the measured charge is kept constant.
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If two stacks are wired in parallel, the capacitance and the number of charge will be doubled.
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Thus, if a voltage amplifier is used, no change of voltage will be experienced.
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However, if a charge conditioner is used, the signal will be doubled.
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## Bibliography {#bibliography}
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<a id="org82df6e1"></a>Fleming, A.J. 2010. “Nanopositioning System with Force Feedback for High-Performance Tracking and Vibration Control.” _IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics_ 15 (3):433–47. <https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2009.2028422>.
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