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Thomas Dehaeze
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content/zettels/charge_amplifiers.md
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@@ -17,38 +17,38 @@ This can be typically used to interface with piezoelectric sensors.
## Basic Circuit {#basic-circuit}
Two basic circuits of charge amplifiers are shown in Figure [1](#org3aa62a6) (taken from ([Fleming 2010](#orgd8b7cb4))) and Figure [2](#org18afeb8) (taken from ([Schmidt, Schitter, and Rankers 2014](#orga9d9a6b)))
Two basic circuits of charge amplifiers are shown in Figure [1](#org4fccf5a) (taken from ([Fleming 2010](#org17ae69b))) and Figure [2](#orgad97f51) (taken from ([Schmidt, Schitter, and Rankers 2014](#orge90efed)))
<a id="org3aa62a6"></a>
<a id="org4fccf5a"></a>
{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/charge_amplifier_circuit.png" caption="Figure 1: Electrical model of a piezoelectric force sensor is shown in gray. The op-amp charge amplifier is shown on the right. The output voltage \\(V\_s\\) equal to \\(-q/C\_s\\)" >}}
<a id="org18afeb8"></a>
<a id="orgad97f51"></a>
{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/charge_amplifier_circuit_bis.png" caption="Figure 2: A piezoelectric accelerometer with a charge amplifier as signal conditioning element" >}}
The input impedance of the charge amplifier is very small (unlike when using a voltage amplifier).
The gain of the charge amplified (Figure [1](#org3aa62a6)) is equal to:
The gain of the charge amplified (Figure [1](#org4fccf5a)) is equal to:
\\[ \frac{V\_s}{q} = \frac{-1}{C\_s} \\]
## Manufacturers {#manufacturers}
| Manufacturers | Links | Country |
|-----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| PCB | [link](https://www.pcb.com/sensors-for-test-measurement/electronics/line-powered-multi-channel-signal-conditioners) | USA |
| HBM | [link](https://www.hbm.com/en/2660/paceline-cma-charge-amplifier-analogamplifier/) | Germany |
| Kistler | [link](https://www.kistler.com/fr/produits/composants/conditionnement-de-signal/) | Swiss |
| MMF | [link](https://www.mmf.de/signal%5Fconditioners.htm) | Germany |
| DJB | [link](https://www.djbinstruments.com/products/instrumentation/view/9-Channel-Charge-Voltage-Amplifier-IEPE-Signal-Conditioning-Rack-Mounted) | UK |
| MTI Instruments | [link](https://www.mtiinstruments.com/products/turbine-balancing-vibration-analysis/charge-amplifiers/ca1800/) | USA |
| Sinocera | [link](http://www.china-yec.net/instruments/signal-conditioner/multi-channels-charge-amplifier.html) | China |
| L-Card | [link](https://en.lcard.ru/products/accesories/le-41) | Rusia |
| Manufacturers | Country |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| [PCB](https://www.pcb.com/sensors-for-test-measurement/electronics/line-powered-multi-channel-signal-conditioners) | USA |
| [HBM](https://www.hbm.com/en/2660/paceline-cma-charge-amplifier-analogamplifier/) | Germany |
| [Kistler](https://www.kistler.com/fr/produits/composants/conditionnement-de-signal/) | Swiss |
| [MMF](https://www.mmf.de/signal%5Fconditioners.htm) | Germany |
| [DJB](https://www.djbinstruments.com/products/instrumentation/view/9-Channel-Charge-Voltage-Amplifier-IEPE-Signal-Conditioning-Rack-Mounted) | UK |
| [MTI Instruments](https://www.mtiinstruments.com/products/turbine-balancing-vibration-analysis/charge-amplifiers/ca1800/) | USA |
| [Sinocera](http://www.china-yec.net/instruments/signal-conditioner/multi-channels-charge-amplifier.html) | China |
| [L-Card](https://en.lcard.ru/products/accesories/le-41) | Rusia |
## Bibliography {#bibliography}
<a id="orgd8b7cb4"></a>Fleming, A.J. 2010. “Nanopositioning System with Force Feedback for High-Performance Tracking and Vibration Control.” _IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics_ 15 (3):433–47. <https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2009.2028422>.
<a id="org17ae69b"></a>Fleming, A.J. 2010. “Nanopositioning System with Force Feedback for High-Performance Tracking and Vibration Control.” _IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics_ 15 (3):433–47. <https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2009.2028422>.
<a id="orga9d9a6b"></a>Schmidt, R Munnig, Georg Schitter, and Adrian Rankers. 2014. _The Design of High Performance Mechatronics - 2nd Revised Edition_. Ios Press.
<a id="orge90efed"></a>Schmidt, R Munnig, Georg Schitter, and Adrian Rankers. 2014. _The Design of High Performance Mechatronics - 2nd Revised Edition_. Ios Press.