digital-brain/content/zettels/charge_amplifiers.md

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title = "Charge Amplifiers"
author = ["Thomas Dehaeze"]
draft = false
category = "equipment"
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+++
Tags
: [Electronics]({{<relref "electronics.md#" >}})
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## Description {#description}
A charge amplifier outputs a voltage proportional to the charge generated by a sensor connected to its inputs.
This can be typically used to interface with piezoelectric sensors.
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## Basic Circuit {#basic-circuit}
Two basic circuits of charge amplifiers are shown in Figure [1](#org0d411fa) (taken from ([Fleming 2010](#org7834496))) and Figure [2](#org1c3e25d) (taken from ([Schmidt, Schitter, and Rankers 2014](#orgd26dd11)))
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<a id="org0d411fa"></a>
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{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/charge_amplifier_circuit.png" caption="Figure 1: Electrical model of a piezoelectric force sensor is shown in gray. The op-amp charge amplifier is shown on the right. The output voltage \\(V\_s\\) equal to \\(-q/C\_s\\)" >}}
<a id="org1c3e25d"></a>
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{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/charge_amplifier_circuit_bis.png" caption="Figure 2: A piezoelectric accelerometer with a charge amplifier as signal conditioning element" >}}
The input impedance of the charge amplifier is very small (unlike when using a voltage amplifier).
The gain of the charge amplified (Figure [1](#org0d411fa)) is equal to:
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\\[ \frac{V\_s}{q} = \frac{-1}{C\_s} \\]
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## Manufacturers {#manufacturers}
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| Manufacturers | Country |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| [PCB](https://www.pcb.com/sensors-for-test-measurement/electronics/line-powered-multi-channel-signal-conditioners) | USA |
| [HBM](https://www.hbm.com/en/2660/paceline-cma-charge-amplifier-analogamplifier/) | Germany |
| [Kistler](https://www.kistler.com/fr/produits/composants/conditionnement-de-signal/) | Swiss |
| [MMF](https://www.mmf.de/signal%5Fconditioners.htm) | Germany |
| [DJB](https://www.djbinstruments.com/products/instrumentation/view/9-Channel-Charge-Voltage-Amplifier-IEPE-Signal-Conditioning-Rack-Mounted) | UK |
| [MTI Instruments](https://www.mtiinstruments.com/products/turbine-balancing-vibration-analysis/charge-amplifiers/ca1800/) | USA |
| [Sinocera](http://www.china-yec.net/instruments/signal-conditioner/multi-channels-charge-amplifier.html) | China |
| [L-Card](https://en.lcard.ru/products/accesories/le-41) | Rusia |
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## Bibliography {#bibliography}
<a id="org7834496"></a>Fleming, A.J. 2010. “Nanopositioning System with Force Feedback for High-Performance Tracking and Vibration Control.” _IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics_ 15 (3):43347. <https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2009.2028422>.
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<a id="orgd26dd11"></a>Schmidt, R Munnig, Georg Schitter, and Adrian Rankers. 2014. _The Design of High Performance Mechatronics - 2nd Revised Edition_. Ios Press.