438 lines
14 KiB
Org Mode
438 lines
14 KiB
Org Mode
#+TITLE: Measurement of Piezoelectric Amplifiers
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:DRAWER:
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#+LANGUAGE: en
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#+EMAIL: dehaeze.thomas@gmail.com
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#+AUTHOR: Dehaeze Thomas
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#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./css/htmlize.css"/>
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#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./css/readtheorg.css"/>
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#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./css/zenburn.css"/>
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#+HTML_HEAD: <script type="text/javascript" src="./js/jquery.min.js"></script>
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#+HTML_HEAD: <script type="text/javascript" src="./js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
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#+HTML_HEAD: <script type="text/javascript" src="./js/jquery.stickytableheaders.min.js"></script>
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#+HTML_HEAD: <script type="text/javascript" src="./js/readtheorg.js"></script>
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:latex :headers '("\\usepackage{tikz}" "\\usepackage{import}" "\\import{$HOME/Cloud/tikz/org/}{config.tex}")
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:latex+ :imagemagick t :fit yes
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:latex+ :iminoptions -scale 100% -density 150
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:latex+ :imoutoptions -quality 100
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:latex+ :results raw replace :buffer no
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:latex+ :eval no-export
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:latex+ :exports both
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:latex+ :mkdirp yes
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:latex+ :output-dir figs
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:latex+ :post pdf2svg(file=*this*, ext="png")
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:matlab :session *MATLAB*
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:matlab+ :tangle filters.m
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:matlab+ :comments org
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:matlab+ :exports both
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:matlab+ :results none
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:matlab+ :eval no-export
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:matlab+ :noweb yes
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:matlab+ :mkdirp yes
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:matlab+ :output-dir figs
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:END:
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* Introduction :ignore:
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Two voltage amplifiers are tested:
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- PI E-505.00 ([[https://www.pi-usa.us/en/products/controllers-drivers-motion-control-software/piezo-drivers-controllers-power-supplies-high-voltage-amplifiers/e-505-piezo-amplifier-module-602300/][link]])
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- Cedrat Technology LA75B ([[https://www.cedrat-technologies.com/en/products/piezo-controllers/electronic-amplifier-boards.html][link]])
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The piezoelectric actuator under test is an APA95ML from Cedrat technology.
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It contains three stacks with a capacitance of $5 \mu F$ each that can be connected independently to the amplifier.
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* Effect of a change of capacitance
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** Matlab Init :noexport:ignore:
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#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports none :results silent :noweb yes :var current_dir=(file-name-directory buffer-file-name)
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<<matlab-dir>>
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab :exports none :results silent :noweb yes
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<<matlab-init>>
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#+end_src
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** Cedrat Technology
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Load Data
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#+begin_src matlab
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piezo1 = load('mat/cedrat_la75b_med_1_stack.mat', 't', 'V_in', 'V_out');
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piezo2 = load('mat/cedrat_la75b_med_2_stack.mat', 't', 'V_in', 'V_out');
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piezo3 = load('mat/cedrat_la75b_med_3_stack.mat', 't', 'V_in', 'V_out');
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#+end_src
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Compute Coherence and Transfer functions
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#+begin_src matlab
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Ts = 1e-4;
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win = hann(ceil(0.1/Ts));
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[tf_1, f_1] = tfestimate(piezo1.V_in, piezo1.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[co_1, ~] = mscohere(piezo1.V_in, piezo1.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[tf_2, f_2] = tfestimate(piezo2.V_in, piezo2.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[co_2, ~] = mscohere(piezo2.V_in, piezo2.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[tf_3, f_3] = tfestimate(piezo3.V_in, piezo3.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[co_3, ~] = mscohere(piezo3.V_in, piezo3.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab :exports none
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figure;
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ax1 = subplot(2, 1, 1);
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hold on;
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plot(f_1, abs(tf_1), 'DisplayName', '1 stack')
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plot(f_2, abs(tf_2), 'DisplayName', '2 stacks')
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plot(f_3, abs(tf_3), 'DisplayName', '3 stacks')
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set(gca, 'Xscale', 'log'); set(gca, 'Yscale', 'log');
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ylabel('Amplitude'); xlabel('Frequency [Hz]');
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hold off;
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legend('location', 'southwest');
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ylim([1, 40]);
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ax2 = subplot(2, 1, 2);
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hold on;
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plot(f_1, 180/pi*unwrap(angle(tf_1)))
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plot(f_2, 180/pi*unwrap(angle(tf_2)))
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plot(f_3, 180/pi*unwrap(angle(tf_3)))
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set(gca, 'Xscale', 'log'); set(gca, 'Yscale', 'lin');
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ylabel('Phase'); xlabel('Frequency [Hz]');
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hold off;
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ylim([-270, 90]);
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yticks(-360:90:90)
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linkaxes([ax1,ax2], 'x');
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xlim([10, 5000]);
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports results :results file replace
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exportFig('figs/change_capa_cedrat.pdf', 'width', 'full', 'height', 'full');
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#+end_src
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#+name: fig:change_capa_cedrat
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#+caption: Effect of a change of the piezo capacitance on the Amplifier transfer function
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#+RESULTS:
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[[file:figs/change_capa_cedrat.png]]
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** PI
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#+begin_src matlab
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piezo1 = load('mat/pi_505_high.mat', 't', 'V_in', 'V_out');
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piezo2 = load('mat/pi_505_high_2_stacks.mat', 't', 'V_in', 'V_out');
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piezo3 = load('mat/pi_505_high_3_stacks.mat', 't', 'V_in', 'V_out');
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab
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Ts = 1e-4;
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win = hann(ceil(0.1/Ts));
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[tf_1, f_1] = tfestimate(piezo1.V_in, piezo1.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[co_1, ~] = mscohere(piezo1.V_in, piezo1.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[tf_2, f_2] = tfestimate(piezo2.V_in, piezo2.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[co_2, ~] = mscohere(piezo2.V_in, piezo2.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[tf_3, f_3] = tfestimate(piezo3.V_in, piezo3.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[co_3, ~] = mscohere(piezo3.V_in, piezo3.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab :exports none
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figure;
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ax1 = subplot(2, 1, 1);
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hold on;
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plot(f_1, abs(tf_1), 'DisplayName', '1 stack')
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plot(f_2, abs(tf_2), 'DisplayName', '2 stacks')
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plot(f_3, abs(tf_3), 'DisplayName', '3 stacks')
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set(gca, 'Xscale', 'log'); set(gca, 'Yscale', 'log');
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ylabel('Amplitude'); xlabel('Frequency [Hz]');
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hold off;
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legend('location', 'southwest');
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ylim([0.05, 11]);
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ax2 = subplot(2, 1, 2);
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hold on;
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plot(f_1, 180/pi*unwrap(angle(tf_1)))
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plot(f_2, 180/pi*unwrap(angle(tf_2)))
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plot(f_3, 180/pi*unwrap(angle(tf_3)))
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set(gca, 'Xscale', 'log'); set(gca, 'Yscale', 'lin');
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ylabel('Phase'); xlabel('Frequency [Hz]');
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hold off;
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ylim([-360, 0]);
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yticks(-360:90:90)
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linkaxes([ax1,ax2], 'x');
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xlim([10, 5000]);
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports results :results file replace
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exportFig('figs/change_capa_pi.pdf', 'width', 'full', 'height', 'full');
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#+end_src
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#+name: fig:change_capa_pi
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#+caption: Effect of a change of the piezo capacitance on the Amplifier transfer function
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#+RESULTS:
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[[file:figs/change_capa_pi.png]]
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* Effect of a change in Voltage level
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** Matlab Init :noexport:ignore:
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#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports none :results silent :noweb yes :var current_dir=(file-name-directory buffer-file-name)
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<<matlab-dir>>
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab :exports none :results silent :noweb yes
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<<matlab-init>>
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#+end_src
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** Cedrat Technology
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#+begin_src matlab
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hi = load('mat/cedrat_la75b_high_1_stack.mat', 't', 'V_in', 'V_out');
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me = load('mat/cedrat_la75b_med_1_stack.mat', 't', 'V_in', 'V_out');
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lo = load('mat/cedrat_la75b_low_1_stack.mat', 't', 'V_in', 'V_out');
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab
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Ts = 1e-4;
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win = hann(ceil(0.1/Ts));
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[tf_hi, f_hi] = tfestimate(hi.V_in, hi.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[co_hi, ~] = mscohere(hi.V_in, hi.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[tf_me, f_me] = tfestimate(me.V_in, me.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[co_me, ~] = mscohere(me.V_in, me.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[tf_lo, f_lo] = tfestimate(lo.V_in, lo.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[co_lo, ~] = mscohere(lo.V_in, lo.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab :exports none
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figure;
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ax1 = subplot(2, 1, 1);
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hold on;
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plot(f_lo, abs(tf_lo), 'DisplayName', 'low')
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plot(f_me, abs(tf_me), 'DisplayName', 'med')
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plot(f_hi, abs(tf_hi), 'DisplayName', 'high')
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set(gca, 'Xscale', 'log'); set(gca, 'Yscale', 'log');
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ylabel('Amplitude'); xlabel('Frequency [Hz]');
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hold off;
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legend('location', 'southwest');
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ylim([1, 50]);
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ax2 = subplot(2, 1, 2);
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hold on;
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plot(f_lo, 180/pi*unwrap(angle(tf_lo)))
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plot(f_me, 180/pi*unwrap(angle(tf_me)))
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plot(f_hi, 180/pi*unwrap(angle(tf_hi)))
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set(gca, 'Xscale', 'log'); set(gca, 'Yscale', 'lin');
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ylabel('Phase'); xlabel('Frequency [Hz]');
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hold off;
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ylim([-360, 0]);
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yticks(-360:90:90)
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linkaxes([ax1,ax2], 'x');
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xlim([10, 5000]);
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports results :results file replace
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exportFig('figs/change_level_cedrat.pdf', 'width', 'full', 'height', 'full');
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#+end_src
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#+name: fig:change_level_cedrat
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#+caption: Effect of a change of voltage level on the Amplifier transfer function
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#+RESULTS:
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[[file:figs/change_level_cedrat.png]]
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** PI
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#+begin_src matlab
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hi = load('mat/pi_505_high.mat', 't', 'V_in', 'V_out');
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lo = load('mat/pi_505_low.mat', 't', 'V_in', 'V_out');
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab
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Ts = 1e-4;
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win = hann(ceil(0.1/Ts));
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[tf_hi, f_hi] = tfestimate(hi.V_in, hi.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[co_hi, ~] = mscohere(hi.V_in, hi.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[tf_lo, f_lo] = tfestimate(lo.V_in, lo.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[co_lo, ~] = mscohere(lo.V_in, lo.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab :exports none
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figure;
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ax1 = subplot(2, 1, 1);
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hold on;
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plot(f_hi, abs(tf_hi), 'DisplayName', 'high')
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plot(f_lo, abs(tf_lo), 'DisplayName', 'low')
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set(gca, 'Xscale', 'log'); set(gca, 'Yscale', 'log');
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ylabel('Amplitude'); xlabel('Frequency [Hz]');
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hold off;
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legend('location', 'southwest');
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ylim([0.1, 20]);
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ax2 = subplot(2, 1, 2);
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hold on;
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plot(f_hi, 180/pi*unwrap(angle(tf_hi)))
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plot(f_lo, 180/pi*unwrap(angle(tf_lo)))
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set(gca, 'Xscale', 'log'); set(gca, 'Yscale', 'lin');
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ylabel('Phase'); xlabel('Frequency [Hz]');
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hold off;
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ylim([-360, 0]);
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yticks(-360:90:90)
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linkaxes([ax1,ax2], 'x');
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xlim([10, 5000]);
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports results :results file replace
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exportFig('figs/change_level_pi.pdf', 'width', 'full', 'height', 'full');
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#+end_src
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#+name: fig:change_level_pi
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#+caption: Effect of a change of voltage level on the Amplifier transfer function
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#+RESULTS:
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[[file:figs/change_level_pi.png]]
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* Comparison PI / Cedrat
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** Matlab Init :noexport:ignore:
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#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports none :results silent :noweb yes :var current_dir=(file-name-directory buffer-file-name)
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<<matlab-dir>>
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab :exports none :results silent :noweb yes
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<<matlab-init>>
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#+end_src
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** Results
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#+begin_src matlab
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ce_results = load('mat/cedrat_la75b_high_1_stack.mat', 't', 'V_in', 'V_out');
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pi_results = load('mat/pi_505_high.mat', 't', 'V_in', 'V_out');
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab
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Ts = 1e-4;
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win = hann(ceil(0.1/Ts));
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[tf_ce, f_ce] = tfestimate(ce_results.V_in, ce_results.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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[tf_pi, f_pi] = tfestimate(pi_results.V_in, pi_results.V_out, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab :exports none
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figure;
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ax1 = subplot(2, 1, 1);
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hold on;
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plot(f_pi, abs(tf_pi), 'DisplayName', 'PI')
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plot(f_ce, abs(tf_ce), 'DisplayName', 'Cedrat')
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set(gca, 'Xscale', 'log'); set(gca, 'Yscale', 'log');
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ylabel('Amplitude'); xlabel('Frequency [Hz]');
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hold off;
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legend('location', 'southwest');
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ylim([0.1, 50]);
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ax2 = subplot(2, 1, 2);
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hold on;
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plot(f_pi, 180/pi*unwrap(angle(tf_pi)))
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plot(f_ce, 180/pi*unwrap(angle(tf_ce)))
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set(gca, 'Xscale', 'log'); set(gca, 'Yscale', 'lin');
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ylabel('Phase'); xlabel('Frequency [Hz]');
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hold off;
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ylim([-360, 0]);
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yticks(-360:90:90)
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linkaxes([ax1,ax2], 'x');
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xlim([10, 5000]);
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports results :results file replace
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exportFig('figs/tf_amplifiers_comp.pdf', 'width', 'full', 'height', 'full');
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#+end_src
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#+name: fig:tf_amplifiers_comp
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#+caption: Comparison of the two Amplifier transfer functions
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#+RESULTS:
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[[file:figs/tf_amplifiers_comp.png]]
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* Impedance Measurement
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** Introduction :ignore:
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The goal is to experimentally measure the output impedance of the voltage amplifiers.
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To do so, the output voltage is first measure without any load ($V$).
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It is then measure when a 10Ohm load is used ($V^\prime$).
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The load ($R = 10\Omega$) and the internal resistor ($R_i$) form a voltage divider, and thus:
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\[ V^\prime = \frac{R}{R + R_i} V \]
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From the two values of voltage, the internal resistor value can be computed:
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\[ R_i = R \frac{V - V^\prime}{V^\prime} \]
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** Matlab Init :noexport:ignore:
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#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports none :results silent :noweb yes :var current_dir=(file-name-directory buffer-file-name)
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<<matlab-dir>>
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab :exports none :results silent :noweb yes
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<<matlab-init>>
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#+end_src
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** Cedrat Technology
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#+begin_src matlab
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R = 10; % Resistive Load used [Ohm]
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V = 10.09; % Output Voltage without any load [V]
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Vp = 3.46; % Output Voltage with resistice load [V]
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab :results replace value
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R * (V - Vp)/Vp;
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#+end_src
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#+RESULTS:
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: 19.162
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#+begin_src matlab
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C = 5e-6; % Capacitance in [F]
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Ri = R * (V - Vp)/Vp; % Internal resistance [Ohm]
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G_ce = 1/(1+Ri*C*s);
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#+end_src
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#+begin_src matlab :exports none
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freqs = logspace(1, 4, 1000);
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figure;
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ax1 = subplot(2, 1, 1);
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hold on;
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plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(G_ce, freqs, 'Hz'))));
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hold off;
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set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
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ylabel('Amplitude [m/N]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
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ax2 = subplot(2, 1, 2);
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hold on;
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|
plot(freqs, 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(G_ce, freqs, 'Hz'))));
|
|
hold off;
|
|
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
|
|
ylabel('Phase [deg]'); xlabel('Frequency [Hz]');
|
|
ylim([-180, 180]);
|
|
yticks([-180, -90, 0, 90, 180]);
|
|
|
|
linkaxes([ax1,ax2],'x');
|
|
#+end_src
|
|
|
|
** PI
|
|
#+begin_src matlab
|
|
R = 10; % Resistive Load used [Ohm]
|
|
V = 10.35; % Output Voltage without any load [V]
|
|
Vp = 4.14; % Output Voltage with resistice load [V]
|
|
#+end_src
|
|
|
|
#+begin_src matlab :results replace value
|
|
R * (V - Vp)/Vp
|
|
#+end_src
|
|
|
|
#+RESULTS:
|
|
: 15
|
|
|