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<h1 class="title">Cubic configuration for the Stewart Platform</h1>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#org3d18192">1. Stiffness Matrix for the Cubic configuration</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgf6f7ad2">1.1. Cubic Stewart platform centered with the cube center - Jacobian estimated at the cube center</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga88e79a">1.2. Cubic Stewart platform centered with the cube center - Jacobian not estimated at the cube center</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge02ec88">1.3. Cubic Stewart platform not centered with the cube center - Jacobian estimated at the cube center</a></li>
<li><a href="#org43fd7e4">1.4. Cubic Stewart platform not centered with the cube center - Jacobian estimated at the Stewart platform center</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3e0c3da">1.5. Conclusion</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgd70418b">2. Configuration with the Cube&rsquo;s center above the mobile platform</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org8afa645">2.1. Having Cube&rsquo;s center above the top platform</a></li>
<li><a href="#org25d045b">2.2. Size of the platforms</a></li>
<li><a href="#org2972f78">2.3. Conclusion</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgcc4ecce">3. Cubic size analysis</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org0029d8c">3.1. Analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga34a8ab">3.2. Conclusion</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgf09da67">4. Dynamic Coupling in the Cartesian Frame</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org5fe01ec">4.1. Cube&rsquo;s center at the Center of Mass of the mobile platform</a></li>
<li><a href="#org4cb2a36">4.2. Cube&rsquo;s center not coincident with the Mass of the Mobile platform</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgacfeac7">4.3. Conclusion</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org8f26dc0">5. Dynamic Coupling between actuators and sensors of each strut</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org6e391c9">5.1. Coupling between the actuators and sensors - Cubic Architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgafd808d">5.2. Coupling between the actuators and sensors - Non-Cubic Architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="#org4413be4">5.3. Conclusion</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org3044455">6. Functions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org56504f1">6.1. <code>generateCubicConfiguration</code>: Generate a Cubic Configuration</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orga5a9ba8">Function description</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3253792">Documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="#org154b5fb">Optional Parameters</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgbb480a6">Check the <code>stewart</code> structure elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#org771c630">Position of the Cube</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3a2f468">Compute the pose</a></li>
<li><a href="#org8c1af4f">Populate the <code>stewart</code> structure</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The Cubic configuration for the Stewart platform was first proposed in (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_2">Geng and Haynes 1994</a>).
This configuration is quite specific in the sense that the active struts are arranged in a mutually orthogonal configuration connecting the corners of a cube.
This configuration is now widely used ((<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_5">Preumont et al. 2007</a>; <a href="#citeproc_bib_item_3">Jafari and McInroy 2003</a>)).
</p>
<p>
According to (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_5">Preumont et al. 2007</a>), the cubic configuration offers the following advantages:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
This topology provides a <b>uniform control capability</b> and a <b>uniform stiffness</b> in all directions, and it <b>minimizes the cross-coupling amongst actuators and sensors of different legs</b> (being orthogonal to each other).
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
In this document, the cubic architecture is analyzed:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>In section <a href="#orgda0ee50">1</a>, we study the <b>uniform stiffness</b> of such configuration and we find the conditions to obtain a diagonal stiffness matrix</li>
<li>In section <a href="#orgb73265d">2</a>, we find cubic configurations where the cube&rsquo;s center is located above the mobile platform</li>
<li>In section <a href="#org348ec7d">3</a>, we study the effect of the cube&rsquo;s size on the Stewart platform properties</li>
<li>In section <a href="#org00d3816">4</a>, we study the dynamics of the cubic configuration in the cartesian frame</li>
<li>In section <a href="#org5b5c8a9">5</a>, we study the dynamic <b>cross-coupling</b> of the cubic configuration from actuators to sensors of each strut</li>
<li>In section <a href="#org28ba607">6</a>, function related to the cubic configuration are defined. To generate and study the Stewart platform with a Cubic configuration, the Matlab function <code>generateCubicConfiguration</code> is used (described <a href="#orga8311d3">here</a>).</li>
</ul>
<div id="outline-container-org3d18192" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org3d18192"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> Stiffness Matrix for the Cubic configuration</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<p>
<a id="orgda0ee50"></a>
</p>
<div class="note">
<p>
The Matlab script corresponding to this section is accessible <a href="../matlab/cubic_conf_stiffnessl.m">here</a>.
</p>
<p>
To run the script, open the Simulink Project, and type <code>run cubic_conf_stiffness.m</code>.
</p>
</div>
<p>
First, we have to understand what is the physical meaning of the Stiffness matrix \(\bm{K}\).
</p>
<p>
The Stiffness matrix links forces \(\bm{f}\) and torques \(\bm{n}\) applied on the mobile platform at \(\{B\}\) to the displacement \(\Delta\bm{\mathcal{X}}\) of the mobile platform represented by \(\{B\}\) with respect to \(\{A\}\):
\[ \bm{\mathcal{F}} = \bm{K} \Delta\bm{\mathcal{X}} \]
</p>
<p>
with:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>\(\bm{\mathcal{F}} = [\bm{f}\ \bm{n}]^{T}\)</li>
<li>\(\Delta\bm{\mathcal{X}} = [\delta x, \delta y, \delta z, \delta \theta_{x}, \delta \theta_{y}, \delta \theta_{z}]^{T}\)</li>
</ul>
<p>
If the stiffness matrix is inversible, its inverse is the compliance matrix: \(\bm{C} = \bm{K}^{-1\) and:
\[ \Delta \bm{\mathcal{X}} = C \bm{\mathcal{F}} \]
</p>
<p>
Thus, if the stiffness matrix is diagonal, the compliance matrix is also diagonal and a force (resp. torque) \(\bm{\mathcal{F}}_i\) applied on the mobile platform at \(\{B\}\) will induce a pure translation (resp. rotation) of the mobile platform represented by \(\{B\}\) with respect to \(\{A\}\).
</p>
<p>
One has to note that this is only valid in a static way.
</p>
<p>
We here study what makes the Stiffness matrix diagonal when using a cubic configuration.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgf6f7ad2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgf6f7ad2"><span class="section-number-3">1.1</span> Cubic Stewart platform centered with the cube center - Jacobian estimated at the cube center</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
<p>
We create a cubic Stewart platform (figure <a href="#orgaba20c8">1</a>) in such a way that the center of the cube (black star) is located at the center of the Stewart platform (blue dot).
The Jacobian matrix is estimated at the location of the center of the cube.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">H = 100e-3; % height of the Stewart platform [m]
MO_B = -H/2; % Position {B} with respect to {M} [m]
Hc = H; % Size of the useful part of the cube [m]
FOc = H + MO_B; % Center of the cube with respect to {F}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">stewart = initializeStewartPlatform();
stewart = initializeFramesPositions(stewart, 'H', H, 'MO_B', MO_B);
stewart = generateCubicConfiguration(stewart, 'Hc', Hc, 'FOc', FOc, 'FHa', 0, 'MHb', 0);
stewart = computeJointsPose(stewart);
stewart = initializeStrutDynamics(stewart, 'K', ones(6,1));
stewart = computeJacobian(stewart);
stewart = initializeCylindricalPlatforms(stewart, 'Fpr', 175e-3, 'Mpr', 150e-3);
</pre>
</div>
<div id="orgaba20c8" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/cubic_conf_centered_J_center.png" alt="cubic_conf_centered_J_center.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 1: </span>Cubic Stewart platform centered with the cube center - Jacobian estimated at the cube center (<a href="./figs/cubic_conf_centered_J_center.png">png</a>, <a href="./figs/cubic_conf_centered_J_center.pdf">pdf</a>)</p>
</div>
<table id="org4baf591" border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Table 1:</span> Stiffness Matrix</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-2.5e-16</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2.1e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-7.8e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">-2.5e-16</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">-2.4e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">-1.4e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-7.8e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">-2.4e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">0.015</td>
<td class="org-right">-4.3e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">1.7e-18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">1.8e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-1.1e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">0.015</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">6.6e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">-3.3e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">1.7e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">0.06</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orga88e79a" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orga88e79a"><span class="section-number-3">1.2</span> Cubic Stewart platform centered with the cube center - Jacobian not estimated at the cube center</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-2">
<p>
We create a cubic Stewart platform with center of the cube located at the center of the Stewart platform (figure <a href="#org47f8142">2</a>).
The Jacobian matrix is not estimated at the location of the center of the cube.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">H = 100e-3; % height of the Stewart platform [m]
MO_B = 20e-3; % Position {B} with respect to {M} [m]
Hc = H; % Size of the useful part of the cube [m]
FOc = H/2; % Center of the cube with respect to {F}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">stewart = initializeStewartPlatform();
stewart = initializeFramesPositions(stewart, 'H', H, 'MO_B', MO_B);
stewart = generateCubicConfiguration(stewart, 'Hc', Hc, 'FOc', FOc, 'FHa', 0, 'MHb', 0);
stewart = computeJointsPose(stewart);
stewart = initializeStrutDynamics(stewart, 'K', ones(6,1));
stewart = computeJacobian(stewart);
stewart = initializeCylindricalPlatforms(stewart, 'Fpr', 175e-3, 'Mpr', 150e-3);
</pre>
</div>
<div id="org47f8142" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/cubic_conf_centered_J_not_center.png" alt="cubic_conf_centered_J_not_center.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 2: </span>Cubic Stewart platform centered with the cube center - Jacobian not estimated at the cube center (<a href="./figs/cubic_conf_centered_J_not_center.png">png</a>, <a href="./figs/cubic_conf_centered_J_not_center.pdf">pdf</a>)</p>
</div>
<table id="org5cc2020" border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Table 2:</span> Stiffness Matrix</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-2.5e-16</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-0.14</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">0.14</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">-2.5e-16</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">-5.3e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">0.14</td>
<td class="org-right">-5.3e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">0.025</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">8.7e-19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">-0.14</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2.6e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">1.6e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">0.025</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">6.6e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">-3.3e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">8.9e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">0.06</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge02ec88" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orge02ec88"><span class="section-number-3">1.3</span> Cubic Stewart platform not centered with the cube center - Jacobian estimated at the cube center</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-3">
<p>
Here, the &ldquo;center&rdquo; of the Stewart platform is not at the cube center (figure <a href="#org0235d3a">3</a>).
The Jacobian is estimated at the cube center.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">H = 80e-3; % height of the Stewart platform [m]
MO_B = -30e-3; % Position {B} with respect to {M} [m]
Hc = 100e-3; % Size of the useful part of the cube [m]
FOc = H + MO_B; % Center of the cube with respect to {F}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">stewart = initializeStewartPlatform();
stewart = initializeFramesPositions(stewart, 'H', H, 'MO_B', MO_B);
stewart = generateCubicConfiguration(stewart, 'Hc', Hc, 'FOc', FOc, 'FHa', 0, 'MHb', 0);
stewart = computeJointsPose(stewart);
stewart = initializeStrutDynamics(stewart, 'K', ones(6,1));
stewart = computeJacobian(stewart);
stewart = initializeCylindricalPlatforms(stewart, 'Fpr', 175e-3, 'Mpr', 150e-3);
</pre>
</div>
<div id="org0235d3a" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/cubic_conf_not_centered_J_center.png" alt="cubic_conf_not_centered_J_center.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 3: </span>Cubic Stewart platform not centered with the cube center - Jacobian estimated at the cube center (<a href="./figs/cubic_conf_not_centered_J_center.png">png</a>, <a href="./figs/cubic_conf_not_centered_J_center.pdf">pdf</a>)</p>
</div>
<table id="org6b3d8b1" border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Table 3:</span> Stiffness Matrix</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-1.7e-16</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">4.9e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-2.2e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2.8e-17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">-1.7e-16</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">1.1e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">-1.4e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">1.4e-17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-2.2e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">1.1e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">0.015</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">3.5e-18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">4.4e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-1.4e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">-5.7e-20</td>
<td class="org-right">0.015</td>
<td class="org-right">-8.7e-19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">6.6e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">2.5e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">3.5e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">-8.7e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">0.06</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
We obtain \(k_x = k_y = k_z\) and \(k_{\theta_x} = k_{\theta_y}\), but the Stiffness matrix is not diagonal.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org43fd7e4" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org43fd7e4"><span class="section-number-3">1.4</span> Cubic Stewart platform not centered with the cube center - Jacobian estimated at the Stewart platform center</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-4">
<p>
Here, the &ldquo;center&rdquo; of the Stewart platform is not at the cube center.
The Jacobian is estimated at the center of the Stewart platform.
</p>
<p>
The center of the cube is at \(z = 110\).
The Stewart platform is from \(z = H_0 = 75\) to \(z = H_0 + H_{tot} = 175\).
The center height of the Stewart platform is then at \(z = \frac{175-75}{2} = 50\).
The center of the cube from the top platform is at \(z = 110 - 175 = -65\).
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">H = 100e-3; % height of the Stewart platform [m]
MO_B = -H/2; % Position {B} with respect to {M} [m]
Hc = 1.5*H; % Size of the useful part of the cube [m]
FOc = H/2 + 10e-3; % Center of the cube with respect to {F}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">stewart = initializeStewartPlatform();
stewart = initializeFramesPositions(stewart, 'H', H, 'MO_B', MO_B);
stewart = generateCubicConfiguration(stewart, 'Hc', Hc, 'FOc', FOc, 'FHa', 0, 'MHb', 0);
stewart = computeJointsPose(stewart);
stewart = initializeStrutDynamics(stewart, 'K', ones(6,1));
stewart = computeJacobian(stewart);
stewart = initializeCylindricalPlatforms(stewart, 'Fpr', 215e-3, 'Mpr', 195e-3);
</pre>
</div>
<div id="orgbe766b3" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/cubic_conf_not_centered_J_stewart_center.png" alt="cubic_conf_not_centered_J_stewart_center.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 4: </span>Cubic Stewart platform not centered with the cube center - Jacobian estimated at the Stewart platform center (<a href="./figs/cubic_conf_not_centered_J_stewart_center.png">png</a>, <a href="./figs/cubic_conf_not_centered_J_stewart_center.pdf">pdf</a>)</p>
</div>
<table id="org846d51c" border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Table 4:</span> Stiffness Matrix</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">1.5e-16</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">0.02</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-0.02</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">1.5e-16</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">-3e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">-2.8e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-0.02</td>
<td class="org-right">-3e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">0.034</td>
<td class="org-right">-8.7e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">5.2e-18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">0.02</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-2.2e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">-4.4e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">0.034</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">5.9e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">-7.5e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">3.5e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">0.14</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3e0c3da" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org3e0c3da"><span class="section-number-3">1.5</span> Conclusion</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-5">
<div class="important">
<p>
Here are the conclusion about the Stiffness matrix for the Cubic configuration:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>The cubic configuration permits to have \(k_x = k_y = k_z\) and \(k_{\theta_x} = k_{\theta_y}\)</li>
<li>The stiffness matrix \(K\) is diagonal for the cubic configuration if the Jacobian is estimated at the cube center.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd70418b" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgd70418b"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> Configuration with the Cube&rsquo;s center above the mobile platform</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<p>
<a id="orgb73265d"></a>
</p>
<div class="note">
<p>
The Matlab script corresponding to this section is accessible <a href="../matlab/cubic_conf_above_platforml.m">here</a>.
</p>
<p>
To run the script, open the Simulink Project, and type <code>run cubic_conf_above_platform.m</code>.
</p>
</div>
<p>
We saw in section <a href="#orgda0ee50">1</a> that in order to have a diagonal stiffness matrix, we need the cube&rsquo;s center to be located at frames \(\{A\}\) and \(\{B\}\).
Or, we usually want to have \(\{A\}\) and \(\{B\}\) located above the top platform where forces are applied and where displacements are expressed.
</p>
<p>
We here see if the cubic configuration can provide a diagonal stiffness matrix when \(\{A\}\) and \(\{B\}\) are above the mobile platform.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org8afa645" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org8afa645"><span class="section-number-3">2.1</span> Having Cube&rsquo;s center above the top platform</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-1">
<p>
Let&rsquo;s say we want to have a diagonal stiffness matrix when \(\{A\}\) and \(\{B\}\) are located above the top platform.
Thus, we want the cube&rsquo;s center to be located above the top center.
</p>
<p>
Let&rsquo;s fix the Height of the Stewart platform and the position of frames \(\{A\}\) and \(\{B\}\):
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">H = 100e-3; % height of the Stewart platform [m]
MO_B = 20e-3; % Position {B} with respect to {M} [m]
</pre>
</div>
<p>
We find the several Cubic configuration for the Stewart platform where the center of the cube is located at frame \(\{A\}\).
The differences between the configuration are the cube&rsquo;s size:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Small Cube Size in Figure <a href="#org105635f">5</a></li>
<li>Medium Cube Size in Figure <a href="#org264ab9c">6</a></li>
<li>Large Cube Size in Figure <a href="#org52254fe">7</a></li>
</ul>
<p>
For each of the configuration, the Stiffness matrix is diagonal with \(k_x = k_y = k_y = 2k\) with \(k\) is the stiffness of each strut.
However, the rotational stiffnesses are increasing with the cube&rsquo;s size but the required size of the platform is also increasing, so there is a trade-off here.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">Hc = 0.4*H; % Size of the useful part of the cube [m]
FOc = H + MO_B; % Center of the cube with respect to {F}
</pre>
</div>
<div id="org105635f" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/stewart_cubic_conf_type_1.png" alt="stewart_cubic_conf_type_1.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 5: </span>Cubic Configuration for the Stewart Platform - Small Cube Size (<a href="./figs/stewart_cubic_conf_type_1.png">png</a>, <a href="./figs/stewart_cubic_conf_type_1.pdf">pdf</a>)</p>
</div>
<table id="org91f89e4" border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Table 5:</span> Stiffness Matrix</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-2.8e-16</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2.4e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-2.3e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">-2.8e-16</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">-2.1e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-2.3e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">-2.1e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">0.0024</td>
<td class="org-right">-5.4e-20</td>
<td class="org-right">6.5e-19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">2.4e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">4.9e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">-2.3e-20</td>
<td class="org-right">0.0024</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">-1.2e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">1.1e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">6.2e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">0.0096</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">Hc = 1.5*H; % Size of the useful part of the cube [m]
FOc = H + MO_B; % Center of the cube with respect to {F}
</pre>
</div>
<div id="org264ab9c" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/stewart_cubic_conf_type_2.png" alt="stewart_cubic_conf_type_2.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 6: </span>Cubic Configuration for the Stewart Platform - Medium Cube Size (<a href="./figs/stewart_cubic_conf_type_2.png">png</a>, <a href="./figs/stewart_cubic_conf_type_2.pdf">pdf</a>)</p>
</div>
<table id="orgcf84781" border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Table 6:</span> Stiffness Matrix</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-1.9e-16</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">5.6e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-7.6e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">-1.9e-16</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">2.5e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">2.8e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-7.6e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">2.5e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">0.034</td>
<td class="org-right">8.7e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">8.7e-18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">5.7e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">3.2e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">2.9e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">0.034</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">-1e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">-1.3e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">5.6e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">8.4e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">0.14</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">Hc = 2.5*H; % Size of the useful part of the cube [m]
FOc = H + MO_B; % Center of the cube with respect to {F}
</pre>
</div>
<div id="org52254fe" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/stewart_cubic_conf_type_3.png" alt="stewart_cubic_conf_type_3.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 7: </span>Cubic Configuration for the Stewart Platform - Large Cube Size (<a href="./figs/stewart_cubic_conf_type_3.png">png</a>, <a href="./figs/stewart_cubic_conf_type_3.pdf">pdf</a>)</p>
</div>
<table id="org02f7789" border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Table 7:</span> Stiffness Matrix</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-3e-16</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-8.3e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-2.2e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">5.6e-17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">-3e-16</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">-9.3e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">-2.8e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-2.2e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">-9.3e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">0.094</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">2.1e-17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">-8e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">-3e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">-6.1e-19</td>
<td class="org-right">0.094</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-right">-6.2e-18</td>
<td class="org-right">7.2e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">5.6e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">2.3e-17</td>
<td class="org-right">0</td>
<td class="org-right">0.37</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org25d045b" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org25d045b"><span class="section-number-3">2.2</span> Size of the platforms</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-2">
<p>
The minimum size of the platforms depends on the cube&rsquo;s size and the height between the platform and the cube&rsquo;s center.
</p>
<p>
Let&rsquo;s denote:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>\(H\) the height between the cube&rsquo;s center and the considered platform</li>
<li>\(D\) the size of the cube&rsquo;s edges</li>
</ul>
<p>
Let&rsquo;s denote by \(a\) and \(b\) the points of both ends of one of the cube&rsquo;s edge.
</p>
<p>
Initially, we have:
</p>
\begin{align}
a &= \frac{D}{2} \begin{bmatrix}-1 \\ -1 \\ 1\end{bmatrix} \\
b &= \frac{D}{2} \begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ -1 \\ 1\end{bmatrix}
\end{align}
<p>
We rotate the cube around its center (origin of the rotated frame) such that one of its diagonal is vertical.
\[ R = \begin{bmatrix}
\frac{2}{\sqrt{6}} & 0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} \\
\frac{-1}{\sqrt{6}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} \\
\frac{-1}{\sqrt{6}} & \frac{-1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}
\end{bmatrix} \]
</p>
<p>
After rotation, the points \(a\) and \(b\) become:
</p>
\begin{align}
a &= \frac{D}{2} \begin{bmatrix}-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{3}} \\ -\sqrt{2} \\ -\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\end{bmatrix} \\
b &= \frac{D}{2} \begin{bmatrix} \frac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{3}} \\ -\sqrt{2} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\end{bmatrix}
\end{align}
<p>
Points \(a\) and \(b\) define a vector \(u = b - a\) that gives the orientation of one of the Stewart platform strut:
\[ u = \frac{D}{\sqrt{3}} \begin{bmatrix} -\sqrt{2} \\ 0 \\ -1\end{bmatrix} \]
</p>
<p>
Then we want to find the intersection between the line that defines the strut with the plane defined by the height \(H\) from the cube&rsquo;s center.
To do so, we first find \(g\) such that:
\[ a_z + g u_z = -H \]
We obtain:
</p>
\begin{align}
g &= - \frac{H + a_z}{u_z} \\
&= \sqrt{3} \frac{H}{D} - \frac{1}{2}
\end{align}
<p>
Then, the intersection point \(P\) is given by:
</p>
\begin{align}
P &= a + g u \\
&= \begin{bmatrix}
H \sqrt{2} \\
D \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \\
H
\end{bmatrix}
\end{align}
<p>
Finally, the circle can contains the intersection point has a radius \(r\):
</p>
\begin{align}
r &= \sqrt{P_x^2 + P_y^2} \\
&= \sqrt{2 H^2 + \frac{1}{2}D^2}
\end{align}
<p>
By symmetry, we can show that all the other intersection points will also be on the circle with a radius \(r\).
</p>
<p>
For a small cube:
\[ r \approx \sqrt{2} H \]
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org2972f78" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org2972f78"><span class="section-number-3">2.3</span> Conclusion</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-3">
<div class="important">
<p>
We found that we can have a diagonal stiffness matrix using the cubic architecture when \(\{A\}\) and \(\{B\}\) are located above the top platform.
Depending on the cube&rsquo;s size, we obtain 3 different configurations.
</p>
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">Cube&rsquo;s Size</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">Paper with the corresponding cubic architecture</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Small</td>
<td class="org-left">(<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_1">Furutani, Suzuki, and Kudoh 2004</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Medium</td>
<td class="org-left">(<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_6">Yang et al. 2019</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Large</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgcc4ecce" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgcc4ecce"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> Cubic size analysis</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
<p>
<a id="org348ec7d"></a>
</p>
<div class="note">
<p>
The Matlab script corresponding to this section is accessible <a href="../matlab/cubic_conf_size_analysisl.m">here</a>.
</p>
<p>
To run the script, open the Simulink Project, and type <code>run cubic_conf_size_analysis.m</code>.
</p>
</div>
<p>
We here study the effect of the size of the cube used for the Stewart Cubic configuration.
</p>
<p>
We fix the height of the Stewart platform, the center of the cube is at the center of the Stewart platform and the frames \(\{A\}\) and \(\{B\}\) are also taken at the center of the cube.
</p>
<p>
We only vary the size of the cube.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org0029d8c" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org0029d8c"><span class="section-number-3">3.1</span> Analysis</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-1">
<p>
We initialize the wanted cube&rsquo;s size.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">Hcs = 1e-3*[250:20:350]; % Heights for the Cube [m]
Ks = zeros(6, 6, length(Hcs));
</pre>
</div>
<p>
The height of the Stewart platform is fixed:
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">H = 100e-3; % height of the Stewart platform [m]
</pre>
</div>
<p>
The frames \(\{A\}\) and \(\{B\}\) are positioned at the Stewart platform center as well as the cube&rsquo;s center:
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">MO_B = -50e-3; % Position {B} with respect to {M} [m]
FOc = H + MO_B; % Center of the cube with respect to {F}
</pre>
</div>
<p>
We find that for all the cube&rsquo;s size, \(k_x = k_y = k_z = k\) where \(k\) is the strut stiffness.
We also find that \(k_{\theta_x} = k_{\theta_y}\) and \(k_{\theta_z}\) are varying with the cube&rsquo;s size (figure <a href="#orgf5b4a80">8</a>).
</p>
<div id="orgf5b4a80" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/stiffness_cube_size.png" alt="stiffness_cube_size.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 8: </span>\(k_{\theta_x} = k_{\theta_y}\) and \(k_{\theta_z}\) function of the size of the cube</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orga34a8ab" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orga34a8ab"><span class="section-number-3">3.2</span> Conclusion</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-2">
<p>
We observe that \(k_{\theta_x} = k_{\theta_y}\) and \(k_{\theta_z}\) increase linearly with the cube size.
</p>
<div class="important">
<p>
In order to maximize the rotational stiffness of the Stewart platform, the size of the cube should be the highest possible.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgf09da67" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgf09da67"><span class="section-number-2">4</span> Dynamic Coupling in the Cartesian Frame</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
<p>
<a id="org00d3816"></a>
</p>
<div class="note">
<p>
The Matlab script corresponding to this section is accessible <a href="../matlab/cubic_conf_coupling_cartesianl.m">here</a>.
</p>
<p>
To run the script, open the Simulink Project, and type <code>run cubic_conf_coupling_cartesian.m</code>.
</p>
</div>
<p>
In this section, we study the dynamics of the platform in the cartesian frame.
</p>
<p>
We here suppose that there is one relative motion sensor in each strut (\(\delta\bm{\mathcal{L}}\) is measured) and we would like to control the position of the top platform pose \(\delta \bm{\mathcal{X}}\).
</p>
<p>
Thanks to the Jacobian matrix, we can use the &ldquo;architecture&rdquo; shown in Figure <a href="#org76f24a0">9</a> to obtain the dynamics of the system from forces/torques applied by the actuators on the top platform to translations/rotations of the top platform.
</p>
<div id="org76f24a0" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/local_to_cartesian_coordinates.png" alt="local_to_cartesian_coordinates.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 9: </span>From Strut coordinate to Cartesian coordinate using the Jacobian matrix</p>
</div>
<p>
We here study the dynamics from \(\bm{\mathcal{F}}\) to \(\delta\bm{\mathcal{X}}\).
</p>
<p>
One has to note that when considering the static behavior:
\[ \bm{G}(s = 0) = \begin{bmatrix}
1/k_1 & & 0 \\
& \ddots & 0 \\
0 & & 1/k_6
\end{bmatrix}\]
</p>
<p>
And thus:
\[ \frac{\delta\bm{\mathcal{X}}}{\bm{\mathcal{F}}}(s = 0) = \bm{J}^{-1} \bm{G}(s = 0) \bm{J}^{-T} = \bm{K}^{-1} = \bm{C} \]
</p>
<p>
We conclude that the <b>static</b> behavior of the platform depends on the stiffness matrix.
For the cubic configuration, we have a diagonal stiffness matrix is the frames \(\{A\}\) and \(\{B\}\) are coincident with the cube&rsquo;s center.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org5fe01ec" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org5fe01ec"><span class="section-number-3">4.1</span> Cube&rsquo;s center at the Center of Mass of the mobile platform</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-1">
<p>
Let&rsquo;s create a Cubic Stewart Platform where the <b>Center of Mass of the mobile platform is located at the center of the cube</b>.
</p>
<p>
We define the size of the Stewart platform and the position of frames \(\{A\}\) and \(\{B\}\).
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">H = 200e-3; % height of the Stewart platform [m]
MO_B = -10e-3; % Position {B} with respect to {M} [m]
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Now, we set the cube&rsquo;s parameters such that the center of the cube is coincident with \(\{A\}\) and \(\{B\}\).
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">Hc = 2.5*H; % Size of the useful part of the cube [m]
FOc = H + MO_B; % Center of the cube with respect to {F}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">stewart = initializeStewartPlatform();
stewart = initializeFramesPositions(stewart, 'H', H, 'MO_B', MO_B);
stewart = generateCubicConfiguration(stewart, 'Hc', Hc, 'FOc', FOc, 'FHa', 25e-3, 'MHb', 25e-3);
stewart = computeJointsPose(stewart);
stewart = initializeStrutDynamics(stewart, 'K', 1e6*ones(6,1), 'C', 1e1*ones(6,1));
stewart = initializeJointDynamics(stewart, 'type_F', 'universal', 'type_M', 'spherical');
stewart = computeJacobian(stewart);
stewart = initializeStewartPose(stewart);
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Now we set the geometry and mass of the mobile platform such that its center of mass is coincident with \(\{A\}\) and \(\{B\}\).
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">stewart = initializeCylindricalPlatforms(stewart, 'Fpr', 1.2*max(vecnorm(stewart.platform_F.Fa)), ...
'Mpm', 10, ...
'Mph', 20e-3, ...
'Mpr', 1.2*max(vecnorm(stewart.platform_M.Mb)));
</pre>
</div>
<p>
And we set small mass for the struts.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">stewart = initializeCylindricalStruts(stewart, 'Fsm', 1e-3, 'Msm', 1e-3);
stewart = initializeInertialSensor(stewart);
</pre>
</div>
<p>
No flexibility below the Stewart platform and no payload.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">ground = initializeGround('type', 'none');
payload = initializePayload('type', 'none');
controller = initializeController('type', 'open-loop');
</pre>
</div>
<p>
The obtain geometry is shown in figure <a href="#orgc92a65b">10</a>.
</p>
<div id="orgc92a65b" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/stewart_cubic_conf_decouple_dynamics.png" alt="stewart_cubic_conf_decouple_dynamics.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 10: </span>Geometry used for the simulations - The cube&rsquo;s center, the frames \(\{A\}\) and \(\{B\}\) and the Center of mass of the mobile platform are coincident (<a href="./figs/stewart_cubic_conf_decouple_dynamics.png">png</a>, <a href="./figs/stewart_cubic_conf_decouple_dynamics.pdf">pdf</a>)</p>
</div>
<p>
We now identify the dynamics from forces applied in each strut \(\bm{\tau}\) to the displacement of each strut \(d \bm{\mathcal{L}}\).
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">open('stewart_platform_model.slx')
%% Options for Linearized
options = linearizeOptions;
options.SampleTime = 0;
%% Name of the Simulink File
mdl = 'stewart_platform_model';
%% Input/Output definition
clear io; io_i = 1;
io(io_i) = linio([mdl, '/Controller'], 1, 'openinput'); io_i = io_i + 1; % Actuator Force Inputs [N]
io(io_i) = linio([mdl, '/Stewart Platform'], 1, 'openoutput', [], 'dLm'); io_i = io_i + 1; % Relative Displacement Outputs [m]
%% Run the linearization
G = linearize(mdl, io, options);
G.InputName = {'F1', 'F2', 'F3', 'F4', 'F5', 'F6'};
G.OutputName = {'Dm1', 'Dm2', 'Dm3', 'Dm4', 'Dm5', 'Dm6'};
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Now, thanks to the Jacobian (Figure <a href="#org76f24a0">9</a>), we compute the transfer function from \(\bm{\mathcal{F}}\) to \(\bm{\mathcal{X}}\).
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">Gc = inv(stewart.kinematics.J)*G*inv(stewart.kinematics.J');
Gc = inv(stewart.kinematics.J)*G*stewart.kinematics.J;
Gc.InputName = {'Fx', 'Fy', 'Fz', 'Mx', 'My', 'Mz'};
Gc.OutputName = {'Dx', 'Dy', 'Dz', 'Rx', 'Ry', 'Rz'};
</pre>
</div>
<p>
The obtain dynamics \(\bm{G}_{c}(s) = \bm{J}^{-T} \bm{G}(s) \bm{J}^{-1}\) is shown in Figure <a href="#orgcb3ac4d">11</a>.
</p>
<div id="orgcb3ac4d" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/stewart_cubic_decoupled_dynamics_cartesian.png" alt="stewart_cubic_decoupled_dynamics_cartesian.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 11: </span>Dynamics from \(\bm{\mathcal{F}}\) to \(\bm{\mathcal{X}}\) (<a href="./figs/stewart_cubic_decoupled_dynamics_cartesian.png">png</a>, <a href="./figs/stewart_cubic_decoupled_dynamics_cartesian.pdf">pdf</a>)</p>
</div>
<p>
It is interesting to note here that the system shown in Figure <a href="#org9e58bc5">12</a> also yield a decoupled system (explained in section 1.3.3 in (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_4">Li 2001</a>)).
</p>
<div id="org9e58bc5" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/local_to_cartesian_coordinates_bis.png" alt="local_to_cartesian_coordinates_bis.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 12: </span>Alternative way to decouple the system</p>
</div>
<div class="important">
<p>
The dynamics is well decoupled at all frequencies.
</p>
<p>
We have the same dynamics for:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>\(D_x/F_x\), \(D_y/F_y\) and \(D_z/F_z\)</li>
<li>\(R_x/M_x\) and \(D_y/F_y\)</li>
</ul>
<p>
The Dynamics from \(F_i\) to \(D_i\) is just a 1-dof mass-spring-damper system.
</p>
<p>
This is because the Mass, Damping and Stiffness matrices are all diagonal.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4cb2a36" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org4cb2a36"><span class="section-number-3">4.2</span> Cube&rsquo;s center not coincident with the Mass of the Mobile platform</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-2">
<p>
Let&rsquo;s create a Stewart platform with a cubic architecture where the cube&rsquo;s center is at the center of the Stewart platform.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">H = 200e-3; % height of the Stewart platform [m]
MO_B = -100e-3; % Position {B} with respect to {M} [m]
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Now, we set the cube&rsquo;s parameters such that the center of the cube is coincident with \(\{A\}\) and \(\{B\}\).
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">Hc = 2.5*H; % Size of the useful part of the cube [m]
FOc = H + MO_B; % Center of the cube with respect to {F}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">stewart = initializeStewartPlatform();
stewart = initializeFramesPositions(stewart, 'H', H, 'MO_B', MO_B);
stewart = generateCubicConfiguration(stewart, 'Hc', Hc, 'FOc', FOc, 'FHa', 25e-3, 'MHb', 25e-3);
stewart = computeJointsPose(stewart);
stewart = initializeStrutDynamics(stewart, 'K', 1e6*ones(6,1), 'C', 1e1*ones(6,1));
stewart = initializeJointDynamics(stewart, 'type_F', 'universal', 'type_M', 'spherical');
stewart = computeJacobian(stewart);
stewart = initializeStewartPose(stewart);
</pre>
</div>
<p>
However, the Center of Mass of the mobile platform is <b>not</b> located at the cube&rsquo;s center.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">stewart = initializeCylindricalPlatforms(stewart, 'Fpr', 1.2*max(vecnorm(stewart.platform_F.Fa)), ...
'Mpm', 10, ...
'Mph', 20e-3, ...
'Mpr', 1.2*max(vecnorm(stewart.platform_M.Mb)));
</pre>
</div>
<p>
And we set small mass for the struts.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">stewart = initializeCylindricalStruts(stewart, 'Fsm', 1e-3, 'Msm', 1e-3);
stewart = initializeInertialSensor(stewart);
</pre>
</div>
<p>
No flexibility below the Stewart platform and no payload.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">ground = initializeGround('type', 'none');
payload = initializePayload('type', 'none');
controller = initializeController('type', 'open-loop');
</pre>
</div>
<p>
The obtain geometry is shown in figure <a href="#orgfce7805">13</a>.
</p>
<div id="orgfce7805" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/stewart_cubic_conf_mass_above.png" alt="stewart_cubic_conf_mass_above.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 13: </span>Geometry used for the simulations - The cube&rsquo;s center is coincident with the frames \(\{A\}\) and \(\{B\}\) but not with the Center of mass of the mobile platform (<a href="./figs/stewart_cubic_conf_mass_above.png">png</a>, <a href="./figs/stewart_cubic_conf_mass_above.pdf">pdf</a>)</p>
</div>
<p>
We now identify the dynamics from forces applied in each strut \(\bm{\tau}\) to the displacement of each strut \(d \bm{\mathcal{L}}\).
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">open('stewart_platform_model.slx')
%% Options for Linearized
options = linearizeOptions;
options.SampleTime = 0;
%% Name of the Simulink File
mdl = 'stewart_platform_model';
%% Input/Output definition
clear io; io_i = 1;
io(io_i) = linio([mdl, '/Controller'], 1, 'openinput'); io_i = io_i + 1; % Actuator Force Inputs [N]
io(io_i) = linio([mdl, '/Stewart Platform'], 1, 'openoutput', [], 'dLm'); io_i = io_i + 1; % Relative Displacement Outputs [m]
%% Run the linearization
G = linearize(mdl, io, options);
G.InputName = {'F1', 'F2', 'F3', 'F4', 'F5', 'F6'};
G.OutputName = {'Dm1', 'Dm2', 'Dm3', 'Dm4', 'Dm5', 'Dm6'};
</pre>
</div>
<p>
And we use the Jacobian to compute the transfer function from \(\bm{\mathcal{F}}\) to \(\bm{\mathcal{X}}\).
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">Gc = inv(stewart.kinematics.J)*G*inv(stewart.kinematics.J');
Gc.InputName = {'Fx', 'Fy', 'Fz', 'Mx', 'My', 'Mz'};
Gc.OutputName = {'Dx', 'Dy', 'Dz', 'Rx', 'Ry', 'Rz'};
</pre>
</div>
<p>
The obtain dynamics \(\bm{G}_{c}(s) = \bm{J}^{-T} \bm{G}(s) \bm{J}^{-1}\) is shown in Figure <a href="#org7a04d45">14</a>.
</p>
<div id="org7a04d45" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/stewart_conf_coupling_mass_matrix.png" alt="stewart_conf_coupling_mass_matrix.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 14: </span>Obtained Dynamics from \(\bm{\mathcal{F}}\) to \(\bm{\mathcal{X}}\) (<a href="./figs/stewart_conf_coupling_mass_matrix.png">png</a>, <a href="./figs/stewart_conf_coupling_mass_matrix.pdf">pdf</a>)</p>
</div>
<div class="important">
<p>
The system is decoupled at low frequency (the Stiffness matrix being diagonal), but it is <b>not</b> decoupled at all frequencies.
</p>
<p>
This was expected as the mass matrix is not diagonal (the Center of Mass of the mobile platform not being coincident with the frame \(\{B\}\)).
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgacfeac7" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgacfeac7"><span class="section-number-3">4.3</span> Conclusion</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-3">
<div class="important">
<p>
Some conclusions can be drawn from the above analysis:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Static Decoupling &lt;=&gt; Diagonal Stiffness matrix &lt;=&gt; {A} and {B} at the cube&rsquo;s center</li>
<li>Dynamic Decoupling &lt;=&gt; Static Decoupling + CoM of mobile platform coincident with {A} and {B}.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org8f26dc0" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org8f26dc0"><span class="section-number-2">5</span> Dynamic Coupling between actuators and sensors of each strut</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
<p>
<a id="org5b5c8a9"></a>
</p>
<div class="note">
<p>
The Matlab script corresponding to this section is accessible <a href="../matlab/cubic_conf_coupling_strutsl.m">here</a>.
</p>
<p>
To run the script, open the Simulink Project, and type <code>run cubic_conf_coupling_struts.m</code>.
</p>
</div>
<p>
From (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_5">Preumont et al. 2007</a>), the cubic configuration &ldquo;<i>minimizes the cross-coupling amongst actuators and sensors of different legs (being orthogonal to each other)</i>&rdquo;.
</p>
<p>
In this section, we wish to study such properties of the cubic architecture.
</p>
<p>
We will compare the transfer function from sensors to actuators in each strut for a cubic architecture and for a non-cubic architecture (where the struts are not orthogonal with each other).
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6e391c9" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org6e391c9"><span class="section-number-3">5.1</span> Coupling between the actuators and sensors - Cubic Architecture</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-1">
<p>
Let&rsquo;s generate a Cubic architecture where the cube&rsquo;s center and the frames \(\{A\}\) and \(\{B\}\) are coincident.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">H = 200e-3; % height of the Stewart platform [m]
MO_B = -10e-3; % Position {B} with respect to {M} [m]
Hc = 2.5*H; % Size of the useful part of the cube [m]
FOc = H + MO_B; % Center of the cube with respect to {F}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">stewart = initializeStewartPlatform();
stewart = initializeFramesPositions(stewart, 'H', H, 'MO_B', MO_B);
stewart = generateCubicConfiguration(stewart, 'Hc', Hc, 'FOc', FOc, 'FHa', 25e-3, 'MHb', 25e-3);
stewart = computeJointsPose(stewart);
stewart = initializeStrutDynamics(stewart, 'K', 1e6*ones(6,1), 'C', 1e1*ones(6,1));
stewart = initializeJointDynamics(stewart, 'type_F', 'universal', 'type_M', 'spherical');
stewart = computeJacobian(stewart);
stewart = initializeStewartPose(stewart);
stewart = initializeCylindricalPlatforms(stewart, 'Fpr', 1.2*max(vecnorm(stewart.platform_F.Fa)), ...
'Mpm', 10, ...
'Mph', 20e-3, ...
'Mpr', 1.2*max(vecnorm(stewart.platform_M.Mb)));
stewart = initializeCylindricalStruts(stewart, 'Fsm', 1e-3, 'Msm', 1e-3);
stewart = initializeInertialSensor(stewart);
</pre>
</div>
<p>
No flexibility below the Stewart platform and no payload.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">ground = initializeGround('type', 'none');
payload = initializePayload('type', 'none');
controller = initializeController('type', 'open-loop');
</pre>
</div>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">disturbances = initializeDisturbances();
references = initializeReferences(stewart);
</pre>
</div>
<div id="org67d7284" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/stewart_architecture_coupling_struts_cubic.png" alt="stewart_architecture_coupling_struts_cubic.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 15: </span>Geometry of the generated Stewart platform (<a href="./figs/stewart_architecture_coupling_struts_cubic.png">png</a>, <a href="./figs/stewart_architecture_coupling_struts_cubic.pdf">pdf</a>)</p>
</div>
<p>
And we identify the dynamics from the actuator forces \(\tau_{i}\) to the relative motion sensors \(\delta \mathcal{L}_{i}\) (Figure <a href="#orga20cd7d">16</a>) and to the force sensors \(\tau_{m,i}\) (Figure <a href="#org645e6c3">17</a>).
</p>
<div id="orga20cd7d" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/coupling_struts_relative_sensor_cubic.png" alt="coupling_struts_relative_sensor_cubic.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 16: </span>Dynamics from the force actuators to the relative motion sensors (<a href="./figs/coupling_struts_relative_sensor_cubic.png">png</a>, <a href="./figs/coupling_struts_relative_sensor_cubic.pdf">pdf</a>)</p>
</div>
<div id="org645e6c3" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/coupling_struts_force_sensor_cubic.png" alt="coupling_struts_force_sensor_cubic.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 17: </span>Dynamics from the force actuators to the force sensors (<a href="./figs/coupling_struts_force_sensor_cubic.png">png</a>, <a href="./figs/coupling_struts_force_sensor_cubic.pdf">pdf</a>)</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgafd808d" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgafd808d"><span class="section-number-3">5.2</span> Coupling between the actuators and sensors - Non-Cubic Architecture</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-2">
<p>
Now we generate a Stewart platform which is not cubic but with approximately the same size as the previous cubic architecture.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">H = 200e-3; % height of the Stewart platform [m]
MO_B = -10e-3; % Position {B} with respect to {M} [m]
</pre>
</div>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">stewart = initializeStewartPlatform();
stewart = initializeFramesPositions(stewart, 'H', H, 'MO_B', MO_B);
stewart = generateGeneralConfiguration(stewart, 'FR', 250e-3, 'MR', 150e-3);
stewart = computeJointsPose(stewart);
stewart = initializeStrutDynamics(stewart, 'K', 1e6*ones(6,1), 'C', 1e1*ones(6,1));
stewart = initializeJointDynamics(stewart, 'type_F', 'universal', 'type_M', 'spherical');
stewart = computeJacobian(stewart);
stewart = initializeStewartPose(stewart);
stewart = initializeCylindricalPlatforms(stewart, 'Fpr', 1.2*max(vecnorm(stewart.platform_F.Fa)), ...
'Mpm', 10, ...
'Mph', 20e-3, ...
'Mpr', 1.2*max(vecnorm(stewart.platform_M.Mb)));
stewart = initializeCylindricalStruts(stewart, 'Fsm', 1e-3, 'Msm', 1e-3);
stewart = initializeInertialSensor(stewart);
</pre>
</div>
<p>
No flexibility below the Stewart platform and no payload.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">ground = initializeGround('type', 'none');
payload = initializePayload('type', 'none');
controller = initializeController('type', 'open-loop');
</pre>
</div>
<div id="org14d3492" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/stewart_architecture_coupling_struts_non_cubic.png" alt="stewart_architecture_coupling_struts_non_cubic.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 18: </span>Geometry of the generated Stewart platform (<a href="./figs/stewart_architecture_coupling_struts_non_cubic.png">png</a>, <a href="./figs/stewart_architecture_coupling_struts_non_cubic.pdf">pdf</a>)</p>
</div>
<p>
And we identify the dynamics from the actuator forces \(\tau_{i}\) to the relative motion sensors \(\delta \mathcal{L}_{i}\) (Figure <a href="#orgff23a38">19</a>) and to the force sensors \(\tau_{m,i}\) (Figure <a href="#orgd802951">20</a>).
</p>
<div id="orgff23a38" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/coupling_struts_relative_sensor_non_cubic.png" alt="coupling_struts_relative_sensor_non_cubic.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 19: </span>Dynamics from the force actuators to the relative motion sensors (<a href="./figs/coupling_struts_relative_sensor_non_cubic.png">png</a>, <a href="./figs/coupling_struts_relative_sensor_non_cubic.pdf">pdf</a>)</p>
</div>
<div id="orgd802951" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/coupling_struts_force_sensor_non_cubic.png" alt="coupling_struts_force_sensor_non_cubic.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 20: </span>Dynamics from the force actuators to the force sensors (<a href="./figs/coupling_struts_force_sensor_non_cubic.png">png</a>, <a href="./figs/coupling_struts_force_sensor_non_cubic.pdf">pdf</a>)</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4413be4" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org4413be4"><span class="section-number-3">5.3</span> Conclusion</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-3">
<div class="important">
<p>
The Cubic architecture seems to not have any significant effect on the coupling between actuator and sensors of each strut and thus provides no advantages for decentralized control.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3044455" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org3044455"><span class="section-number-2">6</span> Functions</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-6">
<p>
<a id="org28ba607"></a>
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org56504f1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org56504f1"><span class="section-number-3">6.1</span> <code>generateCubicConfiguration</code>: Generate a Cubic Configuration</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-6-1">
<p>
<a id="orga8311d3"></a>
</p>
<p>
This Matlab function is accessible <a href="../src/generateCubicConfiguration.m">here</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orga5a9ba8" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orga5a9ba8">Function description</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-orga5a9ba8">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">function [stewart] = generateCubicConfiguration(stewart, args)
% generateCubicConfiguration - Generate a Cubic Configuration
%
% Syntax: [stewart] = generateCubicConfiguration(stewart, args)
%
% Inputs:
% - stewart - A structure with the following fields
% - geometry.H [1x1] - Total height of the platform [m]
% - args - Can have the following fields:
% - Hc [1x1] - Height of the "useful" part of the cube [m]
% - FOc [1x1] - Height of the center of the cube with respect to {F} [m]
% - FHa [1x1] - Height of the plane joining the points ai with respect to the frame {F} [m]
% - MHb [1x1] - Height of the plane joining the points bi with respect to the frame {M} [m]
%
% Outputs:
% - stewart - updated Stewart structure with the added fields:
% - platform_F.Fa [3x6] - Its i'th column is the position vector of joint ai with respect to {F}
% - platform_M.Mb [3x6] - Its i'th column is the position vector of joint bi with respect to {M}
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3253792" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org3253792">Documentation</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-org3253792">
<div id="org8a7f3d8" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/cubic-configuration-definition.png" alt="cubic-configuration-definition.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 21: </span>Cubic Configuration</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org154b5fb" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org154b5fb">Optional Parameters</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-org154b5fb">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">arguments
stewart
args.Hc (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 60e-3
args.FOc (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = 50e-3
args.FHa (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBeNonnegative} = 15e-3
args.MHb (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBeNonnegative} = 15e-3
end
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgbb480a6" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgbb480a6">Check the <code>stewart</code> structure elements</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-orgbb480a6">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">assert(isfield(stewart.geometry, 'H'), 'stewart.geometry should have attribute H')
H = stewart.geometry.H;
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org771c630" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org771c630">Position of the Cube</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-org771c630">
<p>
We define the useful points of the cube with respect to the Cube&rsquo;s center.
\({}^{C}C\) are the 6 vertices of the cubes expressed in a frame {C} which is located at the center of the cube and aligned with {F} and {M}.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">sx = [ 2; -1; -1];
sy = [ 0; 1; -1];
sz = [ 1; 1; 1];
R = [sx, sy, sz]./vecnorm([sx, sy, sz]);
L = args.Hc*sqrt(3);
Cc = R'*[[0;0;L],[L;0;L],[L;0;0],[L;L;0],[0;L;0],[0;L;L]] - [0;0;1.5*args.Hc];
CCf = [Cc(:,1), Cc(:,3), Cc(:,3), Cc(:,5), Cc(:,5), Cc(:,1)]; % CCf(:,i) corresponds to the bottom cube's vertice corresponding to the i'th leg
CCm = [Cc(:,2), Cc(:,2), Cc(:,4), Cc(:,4), Cc(:,6), Cc(:,6)]; % CCm(:,i) corresponds to the top cube's vertice corresponding to the i'th leg
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3a2f468" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org3a2f468">Compute the pose</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-org3a2f468">
<p>
We can compute the vector of each leg \({}^{C}\hat{\bm{s}}_{i}\) (unit vector from \({}^{C}C_{f}\) to \({}^{C}C_{m}\)).
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">CSi = (CCm - CCf)./vecnorm(CCm - CCf);
</pre>
</div>
<p>
We now which to compute the position of the joints \(a_{i}\) and \(b_{i}\).
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">Fa = CCf + [0; 0; args.FOc] + ((args.FHa-(args.FOc-args.Hc/2))./CSi(3,:)).*CSi;
Mb = CCf + [0; 0; args.FOc-H] + ((H-args.MHb-(args.FOc-args.Hc/2))./CSi(3,:)).*CSi;
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org8c1af4f" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org8c1af4f">Populate the <code>stewart</code> structure</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-org8c1af4f">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">stewart.platform_F.Fa = Fa;
stewart.platform_M.Mb = Mb;
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<style>.csl-entry{text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em;}</style><h2 class='citeproc-org-bib-h2'>Bibliography</h2>
<div class="csl-bib-body">
<div class="csl-entry"><a name="citeproc_bib_item_1"></a>Furutani, Katsushi, Michio Suzuki, and Ryusei Kudoh. 2004. “Nanometre-Cutting Machine Using a Stewart-Platform Parallel Mechanism.” <i>Measurement Science and Technology</i> 15 (2):467–74. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/15/2/022">https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/15/2/022</a>.</div>
<div class="csl-entry"><a name="citeproc_bib_item_2"></a>Geng, Z.J., and L.S. Haynes. 1994. “Six Degree-of-Freedom Active Vibration Control Using the Stewart Platforms.” <i>IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology</i> 2 (1):45–53. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/87.273110">https://doi.org/10.1109/87.273110</a>.</div>
<div class="csl-entry"><a name="citeproc_bib_item_3"></a>Jafari, F., and J.E. McInroy. 2003. “Orthogonal Gough-Stewart Platforms for Micromanipulation.” <i>IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation</i> 19 (4). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE):595–603. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/tra.2003.814506">https://doi.org/10.1109/tra.2003.814506</a>.</div>
<div class="csl-entry"><a name="citeproc_bib_item_4"></a>Li, Xiaochun. 2001. “Simultaneous, Fault-Tolerant Vibration Isolation and Pointing Control of Flexure Jointed Hexapods.” University of Wyoming.</div>
<div class="csl-entry"><a name="citeproc_bib_item_5"></a>Preumont, A., M. Horodinca, I. Romanescu, B. de Marneffe, M. Avraam, A. Deraemaeker, F. Bossens, and A. Abu Hanieh. 2007. “A Six-Axis Single-Stage Active Vibration Isolator Based on Stewart Platform.” <i>Journal of Sound and Vibration</i> 300 (3-5):644–61. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2006.07.050">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2006.07.050</a>.</div>
<div class="csl-entry"><a name="citeproc_bib_item_6"></a>Yang, XiaoLong, HongTao Wu, Bai Chen, ShengZheng Kang, and ShiLi Cheng. 2019. “Dynamic Modeling and Decoupled Control of a Flexible Stewart Platform for Vibration Isolation.” <i>Journal of Sound and Vibration</i> 439 (January). Elsevier BV:398–412. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2018.10.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2018.10.007</a>.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="author">Author: Dehaeze Thomas</p>
<p class="date">Created: 2020-08-05 mer. 13:27</p>
</div>
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