Update Content - 2024-12-17
This commit is contained in:
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ Year
|
||||
|
||||
### Flexure Jointed Hexapods {#flexure-jointed-hexapods}
|
||||
|
||||
A general flexible jointed hexapod is shown in [1](#figure--fig:li01-flexure-hexapod-model).
|
||||
A general flexible jointed hexapod is shown in [Figure 1](#figure--fig:li01-flexure-hexapod-model).
|
||||
|
||||
<a id="figure--fig:li01-flexure-hexapod-model"></a>
|
||||
|
||||
{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/li01_flexure_hexapod_model.png" caption="<span class=\"figure-number\">Figure 1: </span>A flexure jointed hexapod. {P} is a cartesian coordinate frame located at, and rigidly attached to the payload's center of mass. {B} is the frame attached to the base, and {U} is a universal inertial frame of reference" >}}
|
||||
|
||||
Flexure jointed hexapods have been developed to meet two needs illustrated in [2](#figure--fig:li01-quet-dirty-box).
|
||||
Flexure jointed hexapods have been developed to meet two needs illustrated in [Figure 2](#figure--fig:li01-quet-dirty-box).
|
||||
|
||||
<a id="figure--fig:li01-quet-dirty-box"></a>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ On the other hand, the flexures add some complexity to the hexapod dynamics.
|
||||
Although the flexure joints do eliminate friction and backlash, they add spring dynamics and severely limit the workspace.
|
||||
Moreover, base and/or payload vibrations become significant contributors to the motion.
|
||||
|
||||
The University of Wyoming hexapods (example in [3](#figure--fig:li01-stewart-platform)) are:
|
||||
The University of Wyoming hexapods (example in [Figure 3](#figure--fig:li01-stewart-platform)) are:
|
||||
|
||||
- Cubic (mutually orthogonal)
|
||||
- Flexure Jointed
|
||||
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ J = \begin{bmatrix}
|
||||
\end{bmatrix}
|
||||
\end{equation}
|
||||
|
||||
where (see [1](#figure--fig:li01-flexure-hexapod-model)) \\(p\_i\\) denotes the payload attachment point of strut \\(i\\), the prescripts denote the frame of reference, and \\(\hat{u}\_i\\) denotes a unit vector along strut \\(i\\).
|
||||
where (see [Figure 1](#figure--fig:li01-flexure-hexapod-model)) \\(p\_i\\) denotes the payload attachment point of strut \\(i\\), the prescripts denote the frame of reference, and \\(\hat{u}\_i\\) denotes a unit vector along strut \\(i\\).
|
||||
To make the dynamic model as simple as possible, the origin of {P} is located at the payload's center of mass.
|
||||
Thus all \\({}^Pp\_i\\) are found with respect to the center of mass.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ Equation <eq:hexapod_eq_motion> can be rewritten as:
|
||||
\end{split}
|
||||
\end{equation}
|
||||
|
||||
If the hexapod is designed such that the payload mass/inertia matrix written in the base frame (\\(^BM\_x = {}^B\_PR \cdot {}^PM\_x \cdot {}^B\_PR\_T\\)) and \\(J^T J\\) are diagonal, the dynamics from \\(u\_1\\) to \\(y\\) are decoupled ([4](#figure--fig:li01-decoupling-conf)).
|
||||
If the hexapod is designed such that the payload mass/inertia matrix written in the base frame (\\(^BM\_x = {}^B\_PR \cdot {}^PM\_x \cdot {}^B\_PR\_T\\)) and \\(J^T J\\) are diagonal, the dynamics from \\(u\_1\\) to \\(y\\) are decoupled ([Figure 4](#figure--fig:li01-decoupling-conf)).
|
||||
|
||||
<a id="figure--fig:li01-decoupling-conf"></a>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ Alternatively, a new set of inputs and outputs can be defined:
|
||||
u\_2 = J^{-1} f\_m, \quad y = J^{-1} (l - l\_r)
|
||||
\end{equation}
|
||||
|
||||
And another decoupled plant is found ([5](#figure--fig:li01-decoupling-conf-bis)):
|
||||
And another decoupled plant is found ([Figure 5](#figure--fig:li01-decoupling-conf-bis)):
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{equation} \label{eq:hexapod\_eq\_motion\_decoup\_2}
|
||||
\begin{split}
|
||||
@@ -200,13 +200,13 @@ The control bandwidth is divided as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
### Vibration Isolation {#vibration-isolation}
|
||||
|
||||
The system is decoupled into six independent SISO subsystems using the architecture shown in [6](#figure--fig:li01-vibration-isolation-control).
|
||||
The system is decoupled into six independent SISO subsystems using the architecture shown in [Figure 6](#figure--fig:li01-vibration-isolation-control).
|
||||
|
||||
<a id="figure--fig:li01-vibration-isolation-control"></a>
|
||||
|
||||
{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/li01_vibration_isolation_control.png" caption="<span class=\"figure-number\">Figure 6: </span>Vibration isolation control strategy" >}}
|
||||
|
||||
One of the subsystem plant transfer function is shown in [6](#figure--fig:li01-vibration-isolation-control)
|
||||
One of the subsystem plant transfer function is shown in [Figure 6](#figure--fig:li01-vibration-isolation-control)
|
||||
|
||||
<a id="figure--fig:li01-vibration-isolation-control"></a>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ The reason is not explained.
|
||||
|
||||
### Pointing Control Techniques {#pointing-control-techniques}
|
||||
|
||||
A block diagram of the pointing control system is shown in [8](#figure--fig:li01-pointing-control).
|
||||
A block diagram of the pointing control system is shown in [Figure 8](#figure--fig:li01-pointing-control).
|
||||
|
||||
<a id="figure--fig:li01-pointing-control"></a>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ A block diagram of the pointing control system is shown in [8](#figure--fig:li01
|
||||
The plant is decoupled into two independent SISO subsystems.
|
||||
The decoupling matrix consists of the columns of \\(J\\) corresponding to the pointing DoFs.
|
||||
|
||||
[9](#figure--fig:li01-transfer-function-angle) shows the measured transfer function of the \\(\theta\_x\\) axis.
|
||||
[Figure 9](#figure--fig:li01-transfer-function-angle) shows the measured transfer function of the \\(\theta\_x\\) axis.
|
||||
|
||||
<a id="figure--fig:li01-transfer-function-angle"></a>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ A typical compensator consists of the following elements:
|
||||
|
||||
The unity control bandwidth of the pointing loop is designed to be from **0Hz to 20Hz**.
|
||||
|
||||
A feedforward control is added as shown in [10](#figure--fig:li01-feedforward-control).
|
||||
A feedforward control is added as shown in [Figure 10](#figure--fig:li01-feedforward-control).
|
||||
\\(C\_f\\) is the feedforward compensator which is a 2x2 diagonal matrix.
|
||||
Ideally, the feedforward compensator is an invert of the plant dynamics.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ The simultaneous vibration isolation and pointing control is approached in two w
|
||||
1. **Closing the vibration isolation loop first**: Design and implement the vibration isolation control first, identify the pointing plant when the isolation loops are closed, then implement the pointing compensators.
|
||||
2. **Closing the pointing loop first**: Reverse order.
|
||||
|
||||
[11](#figure--fig:li01-parallel-control) shows a parallel control structure where \\(G\_1(s)\\) is the dynamics from input force to output strut length.
|
||||
[Figure 11](#figure--fig:li01-parallel-control) shows a parallel control structure where \\(G\_1(s)\\) is the dynamics from input force to output strut length.
|
||||
|
||||
<a id="figure--fig:li01-parallel-control"></a>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -302,16 +302,16 @@ However, the interaction between loops may affect the transfer functions of the
|
||||
The dynamic interaction effect:
|
||||
|
||||
- Only happens in the unity bandwidth of the loop transmission of the first closed loop.
|
||||
- Affect the closed loop transmission of the loop first closed (see [12](#figure--fig:li01-closed-loop-pointing) and [13](#figure--fig:li01-closed-loop-vibration))
|
||||
- Affect the closed loop transmission of the loop first closed (see [Figure 12](#figure--fig:li01-closed-loop-pointing) and [Figure 13](#figure--fig:li01-closed-loop-vibration))
|
||||
|
||||
As shown in [12](#figure--fig:li01-closed-loop-pointing), the peak resonance of the pointing loop increase after the isolation loop is closed.
|
||||
As shown in [Figure 12](#figure--fig:li01-closed-loop-pointing), the peak resonance of the pointing loop increase after the isolation loop is closed.
|
||||
The resonances happen at both crossovers of the isolation loop (15Hz and 50Hz) and they may show of loss of robustness.
|
||||
|
||||
<a id="figure--fig:li01-closed-loop-pointing"></a>
|
||||
|
||||
{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/li01_closed_loop_pointing.png" caption="<span class=\"figure-number\">Figure 12: </span>Closed-loop transfer functions \\(\theta\_y/\theta\_{y\_d}\\) of the pointing loop before and after the vibration isolation loop is closed" >}}
|
||||
|
||||
The same happens when first closing the vibration isolation loop and after the pointing loop ([13](#figure--fig:li01-closed-loop-vibration)).
|
||||
The same happens when first closing the vibration isolation loop and after the pointing loop ([Figure 13](#figure--fig:li01-closed-loop-vibration)).
|
||||
The first peak resonance of the vibration isolation loop at 15Hz is increased when closing the pointing loop.
|
||||
|
||||
<a id="figure--fig:li01-closed-loop-vibration"></a>
|
||||
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ Thus, it is recommended to design and implement the isolation control system fir
|
||||
|
||||
### Experimental results {#experimental-results}
|
||||
|
||||
Two hexapods are stacked ([14](#figure--fig:li01-test-bench)):
|
||||
Two hexapods are stacked ([Figure 14](#figure--fig:li01-test-bench)):
|
||||
|
||||
- the bottom hexapod is used to generate disturbances matching candidate applications
|
||||
- the top hexapod provide simultaneous vibration isolation and pointing control
|
||||
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ Two hexapods are stacked ([14](#figure--fig:li01-test-bench)):
|
||||
{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/li01_test_bench.png" caption="<span class=\"figure-number\">Figure 14: </span>Stacked Hexapods" >}}
|
||||
|
||||
First, the vibration isolation and pointing controls were implemented separately.
|
||||
Using the vibration isolation control alone, no attenuation is achieved below 1Hz as shown in [15](#figure--fig:li01-vibration-isolation-control-results).
|
||||
Using the vibration isolation control alone, no attenuation is achieved below 1Hz as shown in [Figure 15](#figure--fig:li01-vibration-isolation-control-results).
|
||||
|
||||
<a id="figure--fig:li01-vibration-isolation-control-results"></a>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ The simultaneous control is of dual use:
|
||||
- it provide simultaneous pointing and isolation control
|
||||
- it can also be used to expand the bandwidth of the isolation control to low frequencies because the pointing loops suppress pointing errors due to both base vibrations and tracking
|
||||
|
||||
The results of simultaneous control is shown in [16](#figure--fig:li01-simultaneous-control-results) where the bandwidth of the isolation control is expanded to very low frequency.
|
||||
The results of simultaneous control is shown in [Figure 16](#figure--fig:li01-simultaneous-control-results) where the bandwidth of the isolation control is expanded to very low frequency.
|
||||
|
||||
<a id="figure--fig:li01-simultaneous-control-results"></a>
|
||||
|
||||
|
Reference in New Issue
Block a user