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Thomas Dehaeze
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content/zettels/force_sensors.md
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title = "Force Sensors"
author = ["Thomas Dehaeze"]
author = ["Dehaeze Thomas"]
draft = false
category = "equipment"
+++
Tags
: [Signal Conditioner]({{<relref "signal_conditioner.md#" >}}), [Modal Analysis]({{<relref "modal_analysis.md#" >}})
: [Signal Conditioner]({{< relref "signal_conditioner.md" >}}), [Modal Analysis]({{< relref "modal_analysis.md" >}})
## Technologies {#technologies}
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ There are two main technique for force sensors:
The choice between the two is usually based on whether the measurement is static (strain gauge) or dynamics (piezoelectric).
Main differences between the two are shown in Figure [1](#orgc9e9a88).
Main differences between the two are shown in Figure [1](#figure--fig:force-sensor-piezo-vs-strain-gauge).
<a id="orgc9e9a88"></a>
<a id="figure--fig:force-sensor-piezo-vs-strain-gauge"></a>
{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/force_sensor_piezo_vs_strain_gauge.png" caption="Figure 1: Piezoelectric Force sensor VS Strain Gauge Force sensor" >}}
{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/force_sensor_piezo_vs_strain_gauge.png" caption="<span class=\"figure-number\">Figure 1: </span>Piezoelectric Force sensor VS Strain Gauge Force sensor" >}}
## Piezoelectric Force Sensors {#piezoelectric-force-sensors}
@@ -30,23 +30,23 @@ Main differences between the two are shown in Figure [1](#orgc9e9a88).
### Dynamics and Noise of a piezoelectric force sensor {#dynamics-and-noise-of-a-piezoelectric-force-sensor}
An analysis the dynamics and noise of a piezoelectric force sensor is done in ([Fleming 2010](#org024e377)) ([Notes]({{<relref "fleming10_nanop_system_with_force_feedb.md#" >}})).
An analysis the dynamics and noise of a piezoelectric force sensor is done in (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_1">Fleming 2010</a>) ([Notes]({{< relref "fleming10_nanop_system_with_force_feedb.md" >}})).
### Manufacturers {#manufacturers}
| Manufacturers | Country |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| [PCB](https://www.pcb.com/products/productfinder.aspx?tx=17) | USA |
| [HBM](https://www.hbm.com/en/6107/force-sensors-with-flange-mounting/) | Germany |
| [Kistler](https://www.kistler.com/fr/produits/composants/capteurs-de-force/?pfv%5Fmetrics=metric) | Swiss |
| [MMF](https://www.mmf.de/force%5Ftransducers.htm) | Germany |
| [Sinocera](http://www.china-yec.net/sensors/) | China |
| Manufacturers | Country |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|
| [PCB](https://www.pcb.com/products/productfinder.aspx?tx=17) | USA |
| [HBM](https://www.hbm.com/en/6107/force-sensors-with-flange-mounting/) | Germany |
| [Kistler](https://www.kistler.com/fr/produits/composants/capteurs-de-force/?pfv_metrics=metric) | Swiss |
| [MMF](https://www.mmf.de/force_transducers.htm) | Germany |
| [Sinocera](http://www.china-yec.net/sensors/) | China |
### Signal Conditioner {#signal-conditioner}
The voltage generated by the piezoelectric material generally needs to be amplified using a [Signal Conditioner]({{<relref "signal_conditioner.md#" >}}).
The voltage generated by the piezoelectric material generally needs to be amplified using a [Signal Conditioner]({{< relref "signal_conditioner.md" >}}).
Either **charge** amplifiers or **voltage** amplifiers can be used.
@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@ However, if a charge conditioner is used, the signal will be doubled.
| [Althen](https://www.althensensors.com/sensors/weighing-sensors-load-cells/) | Netherlands |
## Bibliography {#bibliography}
<a id="org024e377"></a>Fleming, A.J. 2010. “Nanopositioning System with Force Feedback for High-Performance Tracking and Vibration Control.” _IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics_ 15 (3):433–47. <https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2009.2028422>.
<style>.csl-entry{text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em;}</style><div class="csl-bib-body">
<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_1"></a>Fleming, A.J. 2010. “Nanopositioning System with Force Feedback for High-Performance Tracking and Vibration Control.” <i>Ieee/Asme Transactions on Mechatronics</i> 15 (3): 433–47. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2009.2028422">10.1109/tmech.2009.2028422</a>.</div>
</div>