First LIGO review
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@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ Practical applications of sensor fusion are numerous.
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It is widely used for the attitude estimation of several autonomous vehicles such as unmanned aerial vehicle\nbsp{}cite:baerveldt97_low_cost_low_weigh_attit,corke04_inert_visual_sensin_system_small_auton_helic,jensen13_basic_uas and underwater vehicles\nbsp{}cite:pascoal99_navig_system_desig_using_time,batista10_optim_posit_veloc_navig_filter_auton_vehic.
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Naturally, it is of great benefits for high performance positioning control as shown in\nbsp{}cite:shaw90_bandw_enhan_posit_measur_using_measur_accel,zimmermann92_high_bandw_orien_measur_contr,min15_compl_filter_desig_angle_estim,yong16_high_speed_vertic_posit_stage.
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Sensor fusion was also shown to be a key technology to improve the performance of active vibration isolation systems\nbsp{}cite:tjepkema12_sensor_fusion_activ_vibrat_isolat_precis_equip.
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Emblematic examples are the isolation stages of gravitational wave detectors\nbsp{}cite:collette15_sensor_fusion_method_high_perfor,heijningen18_low such as the ones used at the LIGO\nbsp{}cite:hua05_low_ligo,hua04_polyp_fir_compl_filter_contr_system and at the VIRGO\nbsp{}cite:lucia18_low_frequen_optim_perfor_advan. \par
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Emblematic examples are the isolation stages of gravitational wave detectors\nbsp{}cite:collette15_sensor_fusion_method_high_perfor,heijningen18_low such as the ones used at the LIGO\nbsp{}cite:hua05_low_ligo,hua04_polyp_fir_compl_filter_contr_system and at the Virgo\nbsp{}cite:lucia18_low_frequen_optim_perfor_advan. \par
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** Kalman Filtering / Complementary filters :ignore:
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@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ A more complex real life example is taken up in the next section.
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<<sec:application_ligo>>
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** Introduction :ignore:
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Sensor fusion using complementary filters are widely used in the active vibration isolation systems at gravitational wave detectors, such as at the LIGO\nbsp{}cite:matichard15_seism_isolat_advan_ligo,hua05_low_ligo, the VIRGO\nbsp{}cite:lucia18_low_frequen_optim_perfor_advan,heijningen18_low and the KAGRA [[cite:sekiguchi16_study_low_frequen_vibrat_isolat_system][Chap. 5]].
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Sensor fusion using complementary filters are widely used in the active vibration isolation systems at gravitational wave detectors, such as at the LIGO\nbsp{}cite:matichard15_seism_isolat_advan_ligo,hua05_low_ligo, the Virgo\nbsp{}cite:lucia18_low_frequen_optim_perfor_advan,heijningen18_low and the KAGRA [[cite:sekiguchi16_study_low_frequen_vibrat_isolat_system][Chap. 5]].
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In the first isolation stage at the LIGO, two sets of complementary filters are used to form a super sensor that is incorporated in a feedback loop\nbsp{}cite:hua04_low_ligo.
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A set of complementary filters ($L_2,H_2$) is first used to fuse a seismometer and a geophone.
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@ -843,7 +843,6 @@ The source code is available under a MIT License and archived in Zenodo\nbsp{}ci
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\bibliographystyle{elsarticle-num}
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\bibliography{ref}
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* Local Variables :noexport:
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# Local Variables:
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# org-latex-packages-alist: nil
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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% Created 2021-09-08 mer. 10:49
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% Created 2021-09-14 mar. 13:38
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% Intended LaTeX compiler: pdflatex
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\documentclass[preprint, sort&compress]{elsarticle}
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
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@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Practical applications of sensor fusion are numerous.
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It is widely used for the attitude estimation of several autonomous vehicles such as unmanned aerial vehicle~\cite{baerveldt97_low_cost_low_weigh_attit,corke04_inert_visual_sensin_system_small_auton_helic,jensen13_basic_uas} and underwater vehicles~\cite{pascoal99_navig_system_desig_using_time,batista10_optim_posit_veloc_navig_filter_auton_vehic}.
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Naturally, it is of great benefits for high performance positioning control as shown in~\cite{shaw90_bandw_enhan_posit_measur_using_measur_accel,zimmermann92_high_bandw_orien_measur_contr,min15_compl_filter_desig_angle_estim,yong16_high_speed_vertic_posit_stage}.
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Sensor fusion was also shown to be a key technology to improve the performance of active vibration isolation systems~\cite{tjepkema12_sensor_fusion_activ_vibrat_isolat_precis_equip}.
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Emblematic examples are the isolation stages of gravitational wave detectors~\cite{collette15_sensor_fusion_method_high_perfor,heijningen18_low} such as the ones used at the LIGO~\cite{hua05_low_ligo,hua04_polyp_fir_compl_filter_contr_system} and at the VIRGO~\cite{lucia18_low_frequen_optim_perfor_advan}. \par
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Emblematic examples are the isolation stages of gravitational wave detectors~\cite{collette15_sensor_fusion_method_high_perfor,heijningen18_low} such as the ones used at the LIGO~\cite{hua05_low_ligo,hua04_polyp_fir_compl_filter_contr_system} and at the Virgo~\cite{lucia18_low_frequen_optim_perfor_advan}. \par
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There are mainly two ways to perform sensor fusion: either using a set of complementary filters~\cite{anderson53_instr_approac_system_steer_comput} or using Kalman filtering~\cite{brown72_integ_navig_system_kalman_filter,odry18_kalman_filter_mobil_robot_attit_estim}.
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For sensor fusion applications, both methods are sharing many relationships~\cite{brown72_integ_navig_system_kalman_filter,higgins75_compar_compl_kalman_filter,robert12_introd_random_signal_applied_kalman,becker15_compl_filter_desig_three_frequen_bands}.
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However, for Kalman filtering, assumptions must be made about the probabilistic character of the sensor noises~\cite{robert12_introd_random_signal_applied_kalman} whereas it is not the case with complementary filters.
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@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ A more complex real life example is taken up in the next section.
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\section{Application: Design of Complementary Filters used in the Active Vibration Isolation System at the LIGO}
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\label{sec:application_ligo}
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Sensor fusion using complementary filters are widely used in the active vibration isolation systems at gravitational wave detectors, such as at the LIGO~\cite{matichard15_seism_isolat_advan_ligo,hua05_low_ligo}, the VIRGO~\cite{lucia18_low_frequen_optim_perfor_advan,heijningen18_low} and the KAGRA \cite[Chap. 5]{sekiguchi16_study_low_frequen_vibrat_isolat_system}.
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Sensor fusion using complementary filters are widely used in the active vibration isolation systems at gravitational wave detectors, such as at the LIGO~\cite{matichard15_seism_isolat_advan_ligo,hua05_low_ligo}, the Virgo~\cite{lucia18_low_frequen_optim_perfor_advan,heijningen18_low} and the KAGRA \cite[Chap. 5]{sekiguchi16_study_low_frequen_vibrat_isolat_system}.
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In the first isolation stage at the LIGO, two sets of complementary filters are used to form a super sensor that is incorporated in a feedback loop~\cite{hua04_low_ligo}.
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A set of complementary filters (\(L_2,H_2\)) is first used to fuse a seismometer and a geophone.
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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
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doi = {10.1117/12.552518},
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school = {stanford university},
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title = {Low frequency vibration isolation and alignment system for
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advanced {LIGO}},
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{Advanced LIGO}},
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year = 2005,
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}
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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
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@article{matichard15_seism_isolat_advan_ligo,
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author = {Matichard, F and Lantz, B and Mittleman, R and Mason, K and
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Kissel, J and others},
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title = {Seismic Isolation of Advanced {LIGO}: Review of Strategy,
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title = {Seismic Isolation of {Advanced LIGO}: Review of Strategy,
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Instrumentation and Performance},
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journal = {Classical and Quantum Gravity},
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volume = 32,
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@ -285,7 +285,7 @@
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Giaime, Joseph A and Hammond, Giles Dominic and Hardham, C and
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Hennessy, Mike and How, Jonathan P and Lantz, Brian T and
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Macinnis, M and others},
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title = {Low-frequency active vibration isolation for advanced {LIGO}},
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title = {Low-frequency active vibration isolation for {Advanced LIGO}},
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booktitle = {Gravitational Wave and Particle Astrophysics Detectors},
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year = 2004,
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volume = 5500,
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@ -303,10 +303,10 @@
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}
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@phdthesis{lucia18_low_frequen_optim_perfor_advan,
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author = {Trozzo Lucia},
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author = {L. Trozzo},
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school = {University of Siena},
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title = {Low Frequency Optimization and Performance of Advanced
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Virgo Seismic Isolation System},
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title = {Low Frequency Optimization and Performance of {Advanced
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Virgo} Seismic Isolation System},
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year = 2018,
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}
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