test-bench-nano-hexapod/test-bench-nano-hexapod.org

#+TITLE: Nano-Hexapod - Test Bench
:DRAWER:
#+LANGUAGE: en
#+EMAIL: dehaeze.thomas@gmail.com
#+AUTHOR: Dehaeze Thomas

#+HTML_LINK_HOME: ../index.html
#+HTML_LINK_UP:   ../index.html

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#+PROPERTY: header-args:matlab  :session *MATLAB*
#+PROPERTY: header-args:matlab+ :comments org
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#+PROPERTY: header-args:latex+ :post pdf2svg(file=*this*, ext="png")
:END:

#+begin_export html
  <hr>
  <p>This report is also available as a <a href="./test-bench-nano-hexapod.pdf">pdf</a>.</p>
  <hr>
#+end_export

#+latex: \clearpage

* Introduction                                                        :ignore:
In this document, the dynamics of the nano-hexapod shown in Figure [[fig:picture_bench_granite_nano_hexapod]] is identified.

#+begin_note
Here are the documentation of the equipment used for this test bench:
- Voltage Amplifier: PiezoDrive [[file:doc/PD200-V7-R1.pdf][PD200]]
- Amplified Piezoelectric Actuator: Cedrat [[file:doc/APA300ML.pdf][APA300ML]]
- DAC/ADC: Speedgoat [[file:doc/IO131-OEM-Datasheet.pdf][IO313]]
- Encoder: Renishaw [[file:doc/L-9517-9678-05-A_Data_sheet_VIONiC_series_en.pdf][Vionic]] and used [[file:doc/L-9517-9862-01-C_Data_sheet_RKLC_EN.pdf][Ruler]]
- Interferometers: Attocube
#+end_note

#+name: fig:picture_bench_granite_nano_hexapod
#+caption: Nano-Hexapod
#+attr_latex: :width \linewidth
[[file:figs/IMG_20210608_152917.jpg]]

#+name: fig:picture_bench_granite_overview
#+caption: Nano-Hexapod and the control electronics
#+attr_latex: :width \linewidth
[[file:figs/IMG_20210608_154722.jpg]]

#+begin_src latex :file nano_hexapod_signals.pdf
\definecolor{instrumentation}{rgb}{0, 0.447, 0.741}
\definecolor{mechanics}{rgb}{0.8500, 0.325, 0.098}

\begin{tikzpicture}
  % Blocs
  \node[block={4.0cm}{3.0cm}, fill=mechanics!20!white] (nano_hexapod) {Mechanics};
  \coordinate[] (inputF)  at (nano_hexapod.west);
  \coordinate[] (outputL) at ($(nano_hexapod.south east)!0.8!(nano_hexapod.north east)$);
  \coordinate[] (outputF) at ($(nano_hexapod.south east)!0.2!(nano_hexapod.north east)$);

  \node[block, left= 0.8 of inputF,  fill=instrumentation!20!white, align=center] (F_stack) {\tiny Actuator \\ \tiny stacks};
  \node[block, left= 0.8 of F_stack, fill=instrumentation!20!white] (PD200)   {PD200};
  \node[DAC,   left= 0.8 of PD200,   fill=instrumentation!20!white] (F_DAC)   {DAC};
  \node[block, right=0.8 of outputF, fill=instrumentation!20!white, align=center] (Fm_stack){\tiny Sensor \\ \tiny stack};
  \node[ADC,   right=0.8 of Fm_stack,fill=instrumentation!20!white] (Fm_ADC)  {ADC};
  \node[block, right=0.8 of outputL, fill=instrumentation!20!white] (encoder) {\tiny Encoder};

  % Connections and labels
  \draw[->] ($(F_DAC.west)+(-0.8,0)$) node[above right]{$\bm{u}$} node[below right]{$[V]$} -- node[sloped]{$/$} (F_DAC.west);
  \draw[->] (F_DAC.east)   -- node[midway, above]{$\tilde{\bm{u}}$}node[midway, below]{$[V]$} (PD200.west);
  \draw[->] (PD200.east)   -- node[midway, above]{$\bm{u}_a$}node[midway, below]{$[V]$} (F_stack.west);
  \draw[->] (F_stack.east) -- (inputF) node[above left]{$\bm{\tau}$}node[below left]{$[N]$};

  \draw[->] (outputF)       -- (Fm_stack.west) node[above left]{$\bm{\epsilon}$} node[below left]{$[m]$};
  \draw[->] (Fm_stack.east) -- node[midway, above]{$\tilde{\bm{\tau}}_m$}node[midway, below]{$[V]$} (Fm_ADC.west);
  \draw[->] (Fm_ADC.east)   -- node[sloped]{$/$} ++(0.8, 0)coordinate(end) node[above left]{$\bm{\tau}_m$}node[below left]{$[V]$};

  \draw[->] (outputL)      -- (encoder.west) node[above left]{$d\bm{\mathcal{L}}$} node[below left]{$[m]$};
  \draw[->] (encoder.east) -- node[sloped]{$/$} (encoder-|end) node[above left]{$d\bm{\mathcal{L}}_m$}node[below left]{$[m]$};

  % Nano-Hexapod
  \begin{scope}[on background layer]
    \node[fit={(F_stack.west|-nano_hexapod.south) (Fm_stack.east|-nano_hexapod.north)}, fill=black!20!white, draw, inner sep=2pt] (system) {};
    \node[above] at (system.north) {Nano-Hexapod};
  \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
#+end_src

#+name: fig:nano_hexapod_signals
#+caption: Block diagram of the system with named signals
#+attr_latex: :scale 1
#+RESULTS:
[[file:figs/nano_hexapod_signals.png]]

#+name: tab:list_signals
#+caption: List of signals
#+attr_latex: :environment tabularx :width \linewidth :align Xllll
#+attr_latex: :center t :booktabs t :float t
|                                    | *Unit*    | *Matlab*  | *Vector*              | *Elements*           |
|------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------|
| Control Input (wanted DAC voltage) | =[V]=     | =u=       | $\bm{u}$              | $u_i$                |
| DAC Output Voltage                 | =[V]=     | =u=       | $\tilde{\bm{u}}$      | $\tilde{u}_i$        |
| PD200 Output Voltage               | =[V]=     | =ua=      | $\bm{u}_a$            | $u_{a,i}$            |
| Actuator applied force             | =[N]=     | =tau=     | $\bm{\tau}$           | $\tau_i$             |
|------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------|
| Strut motion                       | =[m]=     | =dL=      | $d\bm{\mathcal{L}}$   | $d\mathcal{L}_i$     |
| Encoder measured displacement      | =[m]=     | =dLm=     | $d\bm{\mathcal{L}}_m$ | $d\mathcal{L}_{m,i}$ |
|------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------|
| Force Sensor strain                | =[m]=     | =epsilon= | $\bm{\epsilon}$       | $\epsilon_i$         |
| Force Sensor Generated Voltage     | =[V]=     | =taum=    | $\tilde{\bm{\tau}}_m$ | $\tilde{\tau}_{m,i}$ |
| Measured Generated Voltage         | =[V]=     | =taum=    | $\bm{\tau}_m$         | $\tau_{m,i}$         |
|------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------|
| Motion of the top platform         | =[m,rad]= | =dX=      | $d\bm{\mathcal{X}}$   | $d\mathcal{X}_i$     |
| Metrology measured displacement    | =[m,rad]= | =dXm=     | $d\bm{\mathcal{X}}_m$ | $d\mathcal{X}_{m,i}$ |

* Encoders fixed to the Struts
** Introduction
In this section, the encoders are fixed to the struts.

** Matlab Init                                             :noexport:ignore:
#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports none :results silent :noweb yes :var current_dir=(file-name-directory buffer-file-name)
<<matlab-dir>>
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :exports none :results silent :noweb yes
<<matlab-init>>
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :tangle no
addpath('./matlab/mat/');
addpath('./matlab/src/');
addpath('./matlab/');
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :eval no
addpath('./mat/');
addpath('./src/');
#+end_src

** Identification of the dynamics
*** Load Data
#+begin_src matlab
%% Load Identification Data
meas_data_lf = {};

for i = 1:6
    meas_data_lf(i) = {load(sprintf('mat/frf_data_exc_strut_%i_noise_lf.mat', i), 't', 'Va', 'Vs', 'de')};
    meas_data_hf(i) = {load(sprintf('mat/frf_data_exc_strut_%i_noise_hf.mat', i), 't', 'Va', 'Vs', 'de')};
end
#+end_src

*** Spectral Analysis - Setup
#+begin_src matlab
%% Setup useful variables
% Sampling Time [s]
Ts = (meas_data_lf{1}.t(end) - (meas_data_lf{1}.t(1)))/(length(meas_data_lf{1}.t)-1);

% Sampling Frequency [Hz]
Fs = 1/Ts;

% Hannning Windows
win = hanning(ceil(1*Fs));

% And we get the frequency vector
[~, f] = tfestimate(meas_data_lf{1}.Va, meas_data_lf{1}.de, win, [], [], 1/Ts);

i_lf = f < 250; % Points for low frequency excitation
i_hf = f > 250; % Points for high frequency excitation
#+end_src

*** DVF Plant
First, let's compute the coherence from the excitation voltage and the displacement as measured by the encoders (Figure [[fig:enc_struts_dvf_coh]]).

#+begin_src matlab
%% Coherence
coh_dvf_lf = zeros(length(f), 6, 6);
coh_dvf_hf = zeros(length(f), 6, 6);

for i = 1:6
    coh_dvf_lf(:, :, i) = mscohere(meas_data_lf{i}.Va, meas_data_lf{i}.de, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
    coh_dvf_hf(:, :, i) = mscohere(meas_data_hf{i}.Va, meas_data_hf{i}.de, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
end
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :exports none
%% Coherence for the transfer function from u to dLm
figure;
hold on;
for i = 1:5
    for j = i+1:6
        plot(f(i_lf), coh_dvf_lf(i_lf, i, j), 'color', [0, 0, 0, 0.2], ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
        plot(f(i_hf), coh_dvf_hf(i_hf, i, j), 'color', [0, 0, 0, 0.2], ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
end
for i =1:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_lf), coh_dvf_lf(i_lf,i, i), ...
         'DisplayName', sprintf('$G_{dvf}(%i,%i)$', i, i));
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_hf), coh_dvf_hf(i_hf,i, i), ...
         'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end
plot(f(i_lf), coh_dvf_lf(i_lf, 1, 2), 'color', [0, 0, 0, 0.2], ...
     'DisplayName', '$G_{dvf}(i,j)$');
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Coherence [-]');
xlim([20, 2e3]); ylim([0, 1]);
legend('location', 'southeast', 'FontSize', 8, 'NumColumns', 3);
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports results :results file replace
exportFig('figs/enc_struts_dvf_coh.pdf', 'width', 'wide', 'height', 'normal');
#+end_src

#+name: fig:enc_struts_dvf_coh
#+caption: Obtained coherence for the DVF plant
#+RESULTS:
[[file:figs/enc_struts_dvf_coh.png]]

Then the 6x6 transfer function matrix is estimated (Figure [[fig:enc_struts_dvf_frf]]).
#+begin_src matlab
%% DVF Plant (transfer function from u to dLm)
G_dvf_lf = zeros(length(f), 6, 6);
G_dvf_hf = zeros(length(f), 6, 6);

for i = 1:6
    G_dvf_lf(:, :, i) = tfestimate(meas_data_lf{i}.Va, meas_data_lf{i}.de, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
    G_dvf_hf(:, :, i) = tfestimate(meas_data_hf{i}.Va, meas_data_hf{i}.de, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
end
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :exports none
%% Bode plot for the transfer function from u to dLm
figure;
tiledlayout(3, 1, 'TileSpacing', 'None', 'Padding', 'None');

ax1 = nexttile([2,1]);
hold on;
for i = 1:5
    for j = i+1:6
        plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_dvf_lf(i_lf, i, j)), 'color', [0, 0, 0, 0.2], ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
        plot(f(i_hf), abs(G_dvf_hf(i_hf, i, j)), 'color', [0, 0, 0, 0.2], ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
end
for i =1:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_dvf_lf(i_lf,i, i)), ...
         'DisplayName', sprintf('$G_{dvf}(%i,%i)$', i, i));
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_hf), abs(G_dvf_hf(i_hf,i, i)), ...
         'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end
plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_dvf_lf(i_lf, 1, 2)), 'color', [0, 0, 0, 0.2], ...
     'DisplayName', '$G_{dvf}(i,j)$');
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude $d_e/V_a$ [m/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
ylim([1e-9, 1e-3]);
legend('location', 'southeast', 'FontSize', 8, 'NumColumns', 3);

ax2 = nexttile;
hold on;
for i =1:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_lf), 180/pi*angle(G_dvf_lf(i_lf,i, i)));
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_hf), 180/pi*angle(G_dvf_hf(i_hf,i, i)));
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Phase [deg]');
hold off;
yticks(-360:90:360);

linkaxes([ax1,ax2],'x');
xlim([20, 2e3]);
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports results :results file replace
exportFig('figs/enc_struts_dvf_frf.pdf', 'width', 'wide', 'height', 'tall');
#+end_src

#+name: fig:enc_struts_dvf_frf
#+caption: Measured FRF for the DVF plant
#+RESULTS:
[[file:figs/enc_struts_dvf_frf.png]]


*** IFF Plant
First, let's compute the coherence from the excitation voltage and the displacement as measured by the encoders (Figure [[fig:enc_struts_iff_coh]]).

#+begin_src matlab
%% Coherence for the IFF plant
coh_iff_lf = zeros(length(f), 6, 6);
coh_iff_hf = zeros(length(f), 6, 6);

for i = 1:6
    coh_iff_lf(:, :, i) = mscohere(meas_data_lf{i}.Va, meas_data_lf{i}.Vs, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
    coh_iff_hf(:, :, i) = mscohere(meas_data_hf{i}.Va, meas_data_hf{i}.Vs, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
end

#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :exports none
%% Coherence of the IFF Plant (transfer function from u to taum)
figure;
hold on;
for i = 1:5
    for j = i+1:6
        plot(f(i_lf), coh_iff_lf(i_lf, i, j), 'color', [0, 0, 0, 0.2], ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
        plot(f(i_hf), coh_iff_hf(i_hf, i, j), 'color', [0, 0, 0, 0.2], ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
end
for i =1:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_lf), coh_iff_lf(i_lf,i, i), ...
         'DisplayName', sprintf('$G_{iff}(%i,%i)$', i, i));
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_hf), coh_iff_hf(i_hf,i, i), ...
         'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end
plot(f(i_lf), coh_iff_lf(i_lf, 1, 2), 'color', [0, 0, 0, 0.2], ...
     'DisplayName', '$G_{iff}(i,j)$');
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Coherence [-]');
xlim([20, 2e3]); ylim([0, 1]);
legend('location', 'southeast', 'FontSize', 8, 'NumColumns', 3);
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports results :results file replace
exportFig('figs/enc_struts_iff_coh.pdf', 'width', 'wide', 'height', 'normal');
#+end_src

#+name: fig:enc_struts_iff_coh
#+caption: Obtained coherence for the IFF plant
#+RESULTS:
[[file:figs/enc_struts_iff_coh.png]]

Then the 6x6 transfer function matrix is estimated (Figure [[fig:enc_struts_iff_frf]]).
#+begin_src matlab
%% IFF Plant
G_iff_lf = zeros(length(f), 6, 6);
G_iff_hf = zeros(length(f), 6, 6);

for i = 1:6
    G_iff_lf(:, :, i) = tfestimate(meas_data_lf{i}.Va, meas_data_lf{i}.Vs, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
    G_iff_hf(:, :, i) = tfestimate(meas_data_hf{i}.Va, meas_data_hf{i}.Vs, win, [], [], 1/Ts);
end
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :exports none
%% Bode plot of the IFF Plant (transfer function from u to taum)
figure;
tiledlayout(3, 1, 'TileSpacing', 'None', 'Padding', 'None');

ax1 = nexttile([2,1]);
hold on;
for i = 1:5
    for j = i+1:6
        plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_iff_lf(i_lf, i, j)), 'color', [0, 0, 0, 0.2], ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
        plot(f(i_hf), abs(G_iff_hf(i_hf, i, j)), 'color', [0, 0, 0, 0.2], ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
end
for i =1:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_iff_lf(i_lf,i, i)), ...
         'DisplayName', sprintf('$G_{iff}(%i,%i)$', i, i));
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_hf), abs(G_iff_hf(i_hf,i, i)), ...
         'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end
plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_iff_lf(i_lf, 1, 2)), 'color', [0, 0, 0, 0.2], ...
     'DisplayName', '$G_{iff}(i,j)$');
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude $V_s/V_a$ [V/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
legend('location', 'southeast', 'FontSize', 8, 'NumColumns', 3);
ylim([1e-3, 1e2]);

ax2 = nexttile;
hold on;
for i =1:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_lf), 180/pi*angle(G_iff_lf(i_lf,i, i)));
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_hf), 180/pi*angle(G_iff_hf(i_hf,i, i)));
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Phase [deg]');
hold off;
yticks(-360:90:360);

linkaxes([ax1,ax2],'x');
xlim([20, 2e3]);
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports results :results file replace
exportFig('figs/enc_struts_iff_frf.pdf', 'width', 'wide', 'height', 'tall');
#+end_src

#+name: fig:enc_struts_iff_frf
#+caption: Measured FRF for the IFF plant
#+RESULTS:
[[file:figs/enc_struts_iff_frf.png]]

** Jacobian                                                        :noexport:
*** Introduction                                                    :ignore:
The Jacobian is used to transform the excitation force in the cartesian frame as well as the displacements.

Consider the plant shown in Figure [[fig:schematic_jacobian_in_out]] with:
- $\tau$ the 6 input voltages (going to the PD200 amplifier and then to the APA)
- $d\mathcal{L}$ the relative motion sensor outputs (encoders)
- $\bm{\tau}_m$ the generated voltage of the force sensor stacks
- $J_a$ and $J_s$ the Jacobians for the actuators and sensors

#+begin_src latex :file schematic_jacobian_in_out.pdf
\begin{tikzpicture}
  % Blocs
  \node[block={2.0cm}{2.0cm}] (P) {Plant};
  \coordinate[] (inputF)  at (P.west);
  \coordinate[] (outputL) at ($(P.south east)!0.8!(P.north east)$);
  \coordinate[] (outputF) at ($(P.south east)!0.2!(P.north east)$);

  \node[block, left= of inputF]   (Ja) {$\bm{J}^{-T}_a$};
  \node[block, right= of outputL] (Js) {$\bm{J}^{-1}_s$};
  \node[block, right= of outputF] (Jf) {$\bm{J}^{-1}_s$};

  % Connections and labels
  \draw[->] ($(Ja.west)+(-1,0)$) -- (Ja.west) node[above left]{$\bm{\mathcal{F}}$};
  \draw[->] (Ja.east) -- (inputF)  node[above left]{$\bm{\tau}$};
  \draw[->] (outputL) -- (Js.west) node[above left]{$d\bm{\mathcal{L}}$};
  \draw[->] (Js.east) -- ++(1, 0) node[above left]{$d\bm{\mathcal{X}}$};
  \draw[->] (outputF) -- (Jf.west) node[above left]{$\bm{\tau}_m$};
  \draw[->] (Jf.east) -- ++(1, 0) node[above left]{$\bm{\mathcal{F}}_m$};
\end{tikzpicture}
#+end_src

#+name: fig:schematic_jacobian_in_out
#+caption: Plant in the cartesian Frame
#+RESULTS:
[[file:figs/schematic_jacobian_in_out.png]]

First, we load the Jacobian matrix (same for the actuators and sensors).
#+begin_src matlab
load('jacobian.mat', 'J');
#+end_src

*** DVF Plant
The transfer function from $\bm{\mathcal{F}}$ to $d\bm{\mathcal{X}}$ is computed and shown in Figure [[fig:enc_struts_dvf_cart_frf]].

#+begin_src matlab
G_dvf_J_lf = permute(pagemtimes(inv(J), pagemtimes(permute(G_dvf_lf, [2 3 1]), inv(J'))), [3 1 2]);
G_dvf_J_hf = permute(pagemtimes(inv(J), pagemtimes(permute(G_dvf_hf, [2 3 1]), inv(J'))), [3 1 2]);
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :exports none
labels = {'$D_x/F_{x}$', '$D_y/F_{y}$', '$D_z/F_{z}$', '$R_{x}/M_{x}$', '$R_{y}/M_{y}$', '$R_{R}/M_{z}$'};

figure;
tiledlayout(3, 1, 'TileSpacing', 'None', 'Padding', 'None');

ax1 = nexttile([2,1]);
hold on;
for i = 1:5
    for j = i+1:6
        plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_dvf_J_lf(i_lf, i, j)), 'color', [0, 0, 0, 0.2], ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
        plot(f(i_hf), abs(G_dvf_J_hf(i_hf, i, j)), 'color', [0, 0, 0, 0.2], ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
end
for i =1:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_dvf_J_lf(i_lf,i, i)), ...
         'DisplayName', labels{i});
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_hf), abs(G_dvf_J_hf(i_hf,i, i)), ...
         'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end
plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_dvf_J_lf(i_lf, 1, 2)), 'color', [0, 0, 0, 0.2], ...
     'DisplayName', '$D_i/F_j$');
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude $d_e/V_a$ [m/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
ylim([1e-7, 1e-1]);
legend('location', 'southeast', 'FontSize', 8, 'NumColumns', 3);

ax2 = nexttile;
hold on;
for i =1:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_lf), 180/pi*angle(G_dvf_J_lf(i_lf,i, i)));
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_hf), 180/pi*angle(G_dvf_J_hf(i_hf,i, i)));
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Phase [deg]');
hold off;
yticks(-360:90:360);

linkaxes([ax1,ax2],'x');
xlim([20, 2e3]);
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports results :results file replace
exportFig('figs/enc_struts_dvf_cart_frf.pdf', 'width', 'wide', 'height', 'tall');
#+end_src

#+name: fig:enc_struts_dvf_cart_frf
#+caption: Measured FRF for the DVF plant in the cartesian frame
#+RESULTS:
[[file:figs/enc_struts_dvf_cart_frf.png]]

*** IFF Plant
The transfer function from $\bm{\mathcal{F}}$ to $\bm{\mathcal{F}}_m$ is computed and shown in Figure [[fig:enc_struts_iff_cart_frf]].

#+begin_src matlab
G_iff_J_lf = permute(pagemtimes(inv(J), pagemtimes(permute(G_iff_lf, [2 3 1]), inv(J'))), [3 1 2]);
G_iff_J_hf = permute(pagemtimes(inv(J), pagemtimes(permute(G_iff_hf, [2 3 1]), inv(J'))), [3 1 2]);
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :exports none
labels = {'$F_{m,x}/F_{x}$', '$F_{m,y}/F_{y}$', '$F_{m,z}/F_{z}$', '$M_{m,x}/M_{x}$', '$M_{m,y}/M_{y}$', '$M_{m,z}/M_{z}$'};

figure;
tiledlayout(3, 1, 'TileSpacing', 'None', 'Padding', 'None');

ax1 = nexttile([2,1]);
hold on;
for i = 1:5
    for j = i+1:6
        plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_iff_J_lf(i_lf, i, j)), 'color', [0, 0, 0, 0.2], ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
        plot(f(i_hf), abs(G_iff_J_hf(i_hf, i, j)), 'color', [0, 0, 0, 0.2], ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
end
for i =1:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_iff_J_lf(i_lf,i, i)), ...
         'DisplayName', labels{i});
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_hf), abs(G_iff_J_hf(i_hf,i, i)), ...
         'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end
plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_iff_J_lf(i_lf, 1, 2)), 'color', [0, 0, 0, 0.2], ...
     'DisplayName', '$D_i/F_j$');
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude $d_e/V_a$ [m/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
ylim([1e-3, 1e4]);
legend('location', 'southeast', 'FontSize', 8, 'NumColumns', 3);

ax2 = nexttile;
hold on;
for i =1:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_lf), 180/pi*angle(G_iff_J_lf(i_lf,i, i)));
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',i)
    plot(f(i_hf), 180/pi*angle(G_iff_J_hf(i_hf,i, i)));
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Phase [deg]');
hold off;
yticks(-360:90:360);

linkaxes([ax1,ax2],'x');
xlim([20, 2e3]);
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports results :results file replace
exportFig('figs/enc_struts_iff_cart_frf.pdf', 'width', 'wide', 'height', 'tall');
#+end_src

#+name: fig:enc_struts_iff_cart_frf
#+caption: Measured FRF for the IFF plant in the cartesian frame
#+RESULTS:
[[file:figs/enc_struts_iff_cart_frf.png]]

** Comparison with the Simscape Model
*** Introduction                                                    :ignore:
In this section, the measured dynamics is compared with the dynamics estimated from the Simscape model.

*** Initialize                                                    :noexport:
#+begin_src matlab :tangle no
%% Add all useful folders to the path
addpath('matlab/')
addpath('matlab/nass-simscape/matlab/nano_hexapod/')
addpath('matlab/nass-simscape/STEPS/nano_hexapod/')
addpath('matlab/nass-simscape/STEPS/png/')
addpath('matlab/nass-simscape/src/')
addpath('matlab/nass-simscape/mat/')
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :eval no
%% Add all useful folders to the path
addpath('nass-simscape/matlab/nano_hexapod/')
addpath('nass-simscape/STEPS/nano_hexapod/')
addpath('nass-simscape/STEPS/png/')
addpath('nass-simscape/src/')
addpath('nass-simscape/mat/')
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab
%% Open Simulink Model
mdl = 'nano_hexapod_simscape';

options = linearizeOptions;
options.SampleTime = 0;

open(mdl)
#+end_src

*** Dynamics from Actuator to Force Sensors
#+begin_src matlab
%% Initialize Nano-Hexapod
n_hexapod = initializeNanoHexapodFinal('flex_bot_type', '4dof', ...
                                       'flex_top_type', '4dof', ...
                                       'motion_sensor_type', 'struts', ...
                                       'actuator_type', '2dof');
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab
%% Identify the IFF Plant (transfer function from u to taum)
clear io; io_i = 1;
io(io_i) = linio([mdl, '/F'],  1, 'openinput');   io_i = io_i + 1; % Actuator Inputs
io(io_i) = linio([mdl, '/Fm'],  1, 'openoutput'); io_i = io_i + 1; % Force Sensors

Giff = exp(-s*Ts)*linearize(mdl, io, 0.0, options);
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :exports none
%% Bode plot of the identified IFF Plant (Simscape) and measured FRF data
freqs = 2*logspace(1, 3, 1000);

figure;
tiledlayout(3, 1, 'TileSpacing', 'None', 'Padding', 'None');

ax1 = nexttile([2,1]);
hold on;
plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_iff_lf(i_lf,1, 1)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
     'DisplayName', '$\tau_{m,i}/u_i$ - FRF')
for i = 2:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2)
    plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_iff_lf(i_lf,i, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
         'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2)
    plot(f(i_hf), abs(G_iff_hf(i_hf,i, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
         'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end
set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2);
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Giff(1,1), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-', ...
     'DisplayName', '$\tau_{m,i}/u_i$ - Model')
for i = 2:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2);
    plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Giff(i,i), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-', ...
         'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude [V/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
legend('location', 'southeast');

ax2 = nexttile;
hold on;
for i = 1:6
    plot(f(i_lf), 180/pi*angle(G_iff_lf(i_lf,i, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2]);
    plot(f(i_hf), 180/pi*angle(G_iff_hf(i_hf,i, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2]);
end
for i = 1:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2);
    plot(freqs, 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(Giff(i,i), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-');
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
ylabel('Phase [deg]'); xlabel('Frequency [Hz]');
ylim([-180, 180]);
yticks([-180, -90, 0, 90, 180]);

linkaxes([ax1,ax2],'x');
xlim([freqs(1), freqs(end)]);
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports results :results file replace
exportFig('figs/enc_struts_iff_comp_simscape.pdf', 'width', 'wide', 'height', 'tall');
#+end_src

#+name: fig:enc_struts_iff_comp_simscape
#+caption: Diagonal elements of the IFF Plant
#+RESULTS:
[[file:figs/enc_struts_iff_comp_simscape.png]]

#+begin_src matlab :exports none
%% Bode plot of the identified IFF Plant (Simscape) and measured FRF data (off-diagonal elements)
freqs = 2*logspace(1, 3, 1000);

figure;
hold on;
% Off diagonal terms
plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_iff_lf(i_lf, 1, 2)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
     'DisplayName', '$\tau_{m,i}/u_j$ - FRF')
for i = 1:5
    for j = i+1:6
        plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_iff_lf(i_lf, i, j)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
        plot(f(i_hf), abs(G_iff_hf(i_hf, i, j)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
end
set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2);
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Giff(1, 2), freqs, 'Hz'))), ...
     'DisplayName', '$\tau_{m,i}/u_j$ - Model')
for i = 1:5
    for j = i+1:6
        set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2);
        plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Giff(i, j), freqs, 'Hz'))), ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Amplitude [V/V]');
xlim([freqs(1), freqs(end)]); ylim([1e-3, 1e2]);
legend('location', 'northeast');
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports results :results file replace
exportFig('figs/enc_struts_iff_comp_offdiag_simscape.pdf', 'width', 'wide', 'height', 'normal');
#+end_src

#+name: fig:enc_struts_iff_comp_offdiag_simscape
#+caption: Off diagonal elements of the IFF Plant
#+RESULTS:
[[file:figs/enc_struts_iff_comp_offdiag_simscape.png]]

*** Dynamics from Actuator to Encoder
#+begin_src matlab
%% Initialization of the Nano-Hexapod
n_hexapod = initializeNanoHexapodFinal('flex_bot_type', '4dof', ...
                                       'flex_top_type', '4dof', ...
                                       'motion_sensor_type', 'struts', ...
                                       'actuator_type', '2dof');
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab
%% Identify the DVF Plant (transfer function from u to dLm)
clear io; io_i = 1;
io(io_i) = linio([mdl, '/F'],  1, 'openinput');  io_i = io_i + 1; % Actuator Inputs
io(io_i) = linio([mdl, '/D'],  1, 'openoutput'); io_i = io_i + 1; % Encoders

Gdvf = exp(-s*Ts)*linearize(mdl, io, 0.0, options);
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :exports none
%% Diagonal elements of the DVF plant
freqs = 2*logspace(1, 3, 1000);

figure;
tiledlayout(3, 1, 'TileSpacing', 'None', 'Padding', 'None');

ax1 = nexttile([2,1]);
hold on;
plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_dvf_lf(i_lf,1, 1)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
     'DisplayName', '$d\mathcal{L}_{m,i}/u_i$ - FRF')
for i = 2:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2)
    plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_dvf_lf(i_lf,i, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
         'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2)
    plot(f(i_hf), abs(G_dvf_hf(i_hf,i, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
         'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end
set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2);
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gdvf(1,1), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-', ...
     'DisplayName', '$d\mathcal{L}_{m,i}/u_i$ - Model')
for i = 2:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2);
    plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gdvf(i,i), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-', ...
         'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude [m/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
ylim([1e-8, 1e-3]);
legend('location', 'northeast');

ax2 = nexttile;
hold on;
for i = 1:6
    plot(f(i_lf), 180/pi*angle(G_dvf_lf(i_lf,i, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2]);
    plot(f(i_hf), 180/pi*angle(G_dvf_hf(i_hf,i, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2]);
end
for i = 1:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2);
    plot(freqs, 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(Gdvf(i,i), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-');
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
ylabel('Phase [deg]'); xlabel('Frequency [Hz]');
ylim([-180, 180]);
yticks([-180, -90, 0, 90, 180]);

linkaxes([ax1,ax2],'x');
xlim([freqs(1), freqs(end)]);
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports results :results file replace
exportFig('figs/enc_struts_dvf_comp_simscape.pdf', 'width', 'wide', 'height', 'tall');
#+end_src

#+name: fig:enc_struts_dvf_comp_simscape
#+caption: Diagonal elements of the DVF Plant
#+RESULTS:
[[file:figs/enc_struts_dvf_comp_simscape.png]]

#+begin_src matlab :exports none
%% Off-diagonal elements of the DVF plant
freqs = 2*logspace(1, 3, 1000);

figure;
hold on;
% Off diagonal terms
plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_dvf_lf(i_lf, 1, 2)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
     'DisplayName', '$d\mathcal{L}_{m,i}/u_j$ - FRF')
for i = 1:5
    for j = i+1:6
        plot(f(i_lf), abs(G_dvf_lf(i_lf, i, j)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
        plot(f(i_hf), abs(G_dvf_hf(i_hf, i, j)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
end
set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2);
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gdvf(1, 2), freqs, 'Hz'))), ...
     'DisplayName', '$d\mathcal{L}_{m,i}/u_j$ - Model')
for i = 1:5
    for j = i+1:6
        set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2);
        plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gdvf(i, j), freqs, 'Hz'))), ...
             'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    end
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Amplitude [m/V]');
xlim([freqs(1), freqs(end)]); ylim([1e-8, 1e-3]);
legend('location', 'northeast');
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports results :results file replace
exportFig('figs/enc_struts_dvf_comp_offdiag_simscape.pdf', 'width', 'wide', 'height', 'normal');
#+end_src

#+name: fig:enc_struts_dvf_comp_offdiag_simscape
#+caption: Off diagonal elements of the DVF Plant
#+RESULTS:
[[file:figs/enc_struts_dvf_comp_offdiag_simscape.png]]

** Integral Force Feedback
*** Root Locus and Decentralized Loop gain
#+begin_src matlab
%% IFF Controller
Kiff_g1 = (1/(s + 2*pi*40))*... % Low pass filter (provides integral action above 40Hz)
          (s/(s + 2*pi*30))*... % High pass filter to limit low frequency gain
          (1/(1 + s/2/pi/500))*... % Low pass filter to be more robust to high frequency resonances
          eye(6); % Diagonal 6x6 controller
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :exports none
%% Root Locus for IFF
gains = logspace(1, 4, 100);

figure;

hold on;
% Pure Integrator
set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',1);
plot(real(pole(Giff)),  imag(pole(Giff)), 'x', 'DisplayName', '$g = 0$');
set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',1);
plot(real(tzero(Giff)),  imag(tzero(Giff)), 'o', 'HandleVisibility', 'off');

for g = gains
    clpoles = pole(feedback(Giff, g*Kiff_g1*eye(6)));
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',1);
    plot(real(clpoles), imag(clpoles), '.', 'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end

g = 4e2;
clpoles = pole(feedback(Giff, g*Kiff_g1*eye(6)));
set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2);
plot(real(clpoles), imag(clpoles), 'x', 'DisplayName', sprintf('$g=%.0f$', g));
hold off;
axis square;
xlim([-1250, 0]); ylim([0, 1250]);
xlabel('Real Part'); ylabel('Imaginary Part');
legend('location', 'northwest');
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports results :results file replace
exportFig('figs/enc_struts_iff_root_locus.pdf', 'width', 'wide', 'height', 'tall');
#+end_src

#+name: fig:enc_struts_iff_root_locus
#+caption: Root Locus for the IFF control strategy
#+RESULTS:
[[file:figs/enc_struts_iff_root_locus.png]]

Then the "optimal" IFF controller is:
#+begin_src matlab
%% IFF controller with Optimal gain
Kiff = g*Kiff_g1;
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :exports none
%% Bode plot of the "decentralized loop gain"
freqs = 2*logspace(1, 3, 1000);

figure;
tiledlayout(3, 1, 'TileSpacing', 'None', 'Padding', 'None');

ax1 = nexttile([2,1]);
hold on;
plot(f(i_lf), abs(squeeze(freqresp(Kiff(1,1), f(i_lf), 'Hz')).*G_iff_lf(i_lf,1, 1)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
     'DisplayName', '$\tau_{m,i}/u_i \cdot K_{iff}$ - FRF')
for i = 2:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2)
    plot(f(i_lf), abs(squeeze(freqresp(Kiff(1,1), f(i_lf), 'Hz')).*G_iff_lf(i_lf,i, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
         'HandleVisibility', 'off');
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2)
    plot(f(i_hf), abs(squeeze(freqresp(Kiff(1,1), f(i_hf), 'Hz')).*G_iff_hf(i_hf,i, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
         'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end
set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2);
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Kiff(1,1)*Giff(1,1), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-', ...
     'DisplayName', '$\tau_{m,i}/u_i \cdot K_{iff}$ - Model')
for i = 2:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2);
    plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Kiff(1,1)*Giff(i,i), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-', ...
         'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude [V/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
legend('location', 'northeast');

ax2 = nexttile;
hold on;
for i = 1:6
    plot(f(i_lf), 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(Kiff(1,1), f(i_lf), 'Hz')).*G_iff_lf(i_lf,i, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2]);
    plot(f(i_hf), 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(Kiff(1,1), f(i_hf), 'Hz')).*G_iff_hf(i_hf,i, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2]);
end
for i = 1:6
    set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',2);
    plot(freqs, 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(Kiff(1,1)*Giff(i,i), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-');
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
ylabel('Phase [deg]'); xlabel('Frequency [Hz]');
ylim([-180, 180]);
yticks([-180, -90, 0, 90, 180]);

linkaxes([ax1,ax2],'x');
xlim([freqs(1), freqs(end)]);
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports results :results file replace
exportFig('figs/enc_struts_iff_opt_loop_gain.pdf', 'width', 'wide', 'height', 'tall');
#+end_src

#+name: fig:enc_struts_iff_opt_loop_gain
#+caption: Bode plot of the "decentralized loop gain" $G_\text{iff}(i,i) \times K_\text{iff}(i,i)$
#+RESULTS:
[[file:figs/enc_struts_iff_opt_loop_gain.png]]

*** Multiple Gains - Simulation
#+begin_src matlab
%% Tested IFF gains
iff_gains = [4, 10, 20, 40, 100, 200, 400, 1000];
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab
%% Initialize the Simscape model in closed loop
n_hexapod = initializeNanoHexapodFinal('flex_bot_type', '4dof', ...
                                       'flex_top_type', '4dof', ...
                                       'motion_sensor_type', 'struts', ...
                                       'actuator_type', '2dof', ...
                                       'controller_type', 'iff');
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab
%% Identify the (damped) transfer function from u to dLm for different values of the IFF gain
Gd_iff = {zeros(1, length(iff_gains))};

clear io; io_i = 1;
io(io_i) = linio([mdl, '/F'],  1, 'openinput');  io_i = io_i + 1; % Actuator Inputs
io(io_i) = linio([mdl, '/D'],  1, 'openoutput'); io_i = io_i + 1; % Strut Displacement (encoder)

for i = 1:length(iff_gains)
    Kiff = iff_gains(i)*Kiff_g1*eye(6); % IFF Controller
    Gd_iff(i) = {exp(-s*Ts)*linearize(mdl, io, 0.0, options)};

    isstable(Gd_iff{i})
end
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :exports none
%% Bode plot of the transfer function from u to dLm for tested values of the IFF gain
freqs = 2*logspace(1, 3, 1000);

figure;
tiledlayout(3, 1, 'TileSpacing', 'None', 'Padding', 'None');

ax1 = nexttile([2,1]);
hold on;
for i = 1:length(iff_gains)
    plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gd_iff{i}(1,1), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-', ...
         'DisplayName', sprintf('$g = %.0f$', iff_gains(i)));
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude [m/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
legend('location', 'northeast', 'FontSize', 8, 'NumColumns', 2);

ax2 = nexttile;
hold on;
for i = 1:length(iff_gains)
    plot(freqs, 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(Gd_iff{i}(1,1), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-');
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
ylabel('Phase [deg]'); xlabel('Frequency [Hz]');
ylim([-180, 180]);
yticks([-180, -90, 0, 90, 180]);

linkaxes([ax1,ax2],'x');
xlim([freqs(1), freqs(end)]);
#+end_src

#+begin_src matlab :tangle no :exports results :results file replace
exportFig('figs/enc_struts_iff_gains_effect_dvf_plant.pdf', 'width', 'wide', 'height', 'tall');
#+end_src

#+name: fig:enc_struts_iff_gains_effect_dvf_plant
#+caption: Effect of the IFF gain $g$ on the transfer function from $\bm{\tau}$ to $d\bm{\mathcal{L}}_m$
#+RESULTS:
[[file:figs/enc_struts_iff_gains_effect_dvf_plant.png]]

*** Experimental Results

* Encoders fixed to the plates
** Introduction                                                      :ignore: