test-bench-apa300ml/matlab/strut_simscape_model_comp.m

598 lines
17 KiB
Matlab

%% Clear Workspace and Close figures
clear; close all; clc;
%% Intialize Laplace variable
s = zpk('s');
%% Add useful folders to the path
addpath('test_bench_struts/');
addpath('png/');
addpath('mat/');
addpath('src/');
%% Frequency vector used for many plots
freqs = 2*logspace(0, 3, 1000);
%% Options for Linearized
options = linearizeOptions;
options.SampleTime = 0;
%% Name of the Simulink File
mdl = 'test_bench_struts';
%% Open the Simulink File
open(mdl)
%% Initialize structure containing data for the Simscape model
n_hexapod = struct();
n_hexapod.flex_bot = initializeBotFlexibleJoint('type', '4dof');
n_hexapod.flex_top = initializeTopFlexibleJoint('type', '4dof');
n_hexapod.actuator = initializeAPA('type', '2dof');
%% Input/Output definition
clear io; io_i = 1;
io(io_i) = linio([mdl, '/Va'], 1, 'openinput'); io_i = io_i + 1; % Actuator Voltage
io(io_i) = linio([mdl, '/Vs'], 1, 'openoutput'); io_i = io_i + 1; % Sensor Voltage
io(io_i) = linio([mdl, '/de'], 1, 'openoutput'); io_i = io_i + 1; % Encoder
io(io_i) = linio([mdl, '/da'], 1, 'openoutput'); io_i = io_i + 1; % Interferometer
%% Run the linearization
Gs = linearize(mdl, io, 0.0, options);
Gs.InputName = {'Va'};
Gs.OutputName = {'Vs', 'de', 'da'};
%% Bode plot of the transfer functions
figure;
tiledlayout(3, 2, 'TileSpacing', 'Compact', 'Padding', 'None');
ax1 = nexttile([2,1]);
hold on;
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gs('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))), 'DisplayName', 'Encoder')
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gs('da', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))), 'DisplayName', 'Interferometer')
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude $d/V_a$ [V/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
hold off;
legend('location', 'southwest');
ax1b = nexttile([2,1]);
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gs('Vs', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))), 'k-')
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude $V_s/V_a$ [V/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
hold off;
ax2 = nexttile;
hold on;
plot(freqs, 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(Gs('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))))
plot(freqs, 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(Gs('da', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))))
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Phase [deg]');
hold off;
yticks(-360:45:360);
ylim([-180, 180])
ax2b = nexttile;
hold on;
plot(freqs, 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(Gs('Vs', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))), 'k-')
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Phase [deg]');
hold off;
yticks(-360:45:360);
ylim([0, 180])
linkaxes([ax1,ax2,ax1b,ax2b],'x');
xlim([10, 2e3]);
%% Load measured FRF
load('meas_struts_frf.mat', 'f', 'Ts', 'enc_frf', 'int_frf', 'iff_frf', 'leg_nums');
%% Add time delay to the Simscape model
Gs = exp(-s*Ts)*Gs;
%% Compare the FRF and identified dynamics from Va to Vs and da
figure;
tiledlayout(3, 2, 'TileSpacing', 'Compact', 'Padding', 'None');
ax1 = nexttile([2,1]);
hold on;
plot(f, abs(int_frf(:, 1)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
'DisplayName', 'Meas. FRF');
for i = 2:length(leg_nums)
plot(f, abs(int_frf(:, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end
set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',1);
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gs('da', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-', ...
'DisplayName', 'Model')
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude $d_a/V_a$ [m/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
hold off;
ylim([1e-8, 1e-3]);
legend('location', 'northeast');
ax1b = nexttile([2,1]);
hold on;
plot(f, abs(iff_frf(:, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
'DisplayName', 'Meas. FRF');
for i = 1:length(leg_nums)
plot(f, abs(iff_frf(:, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end
set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',1);
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gs('Vs', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-', ...
'DisplayName', 'Model')
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude $V_s/V_a$ [V/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
hold off;
ylim([1e-2, 1e2]);
legend('location', 'southeast');
ax2 = nexttile;
hold on;
for i = 1:length(leg_nums)
plot(f, 180/pi*angle(int_frf(:, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2]);
end
set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',1);
plot(freqs, 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(Gs('da', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-')
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Phase [deg]');
hold off;
yticks(-360:90:360); ylim([-180, 180]);
ax2b = nexttile;
hold on;
for i = 1:length(leg_nums)
plot(f, 180/pi*angle(iff_frf(:, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2]);
end
set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',1);
plot(freqs, 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(Gs('Vs', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-')
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Phase [deg]');
hold off;
yticks(-360:90:360); ylim([-180, 180]);
linkaxes([ax1,ax2,ax1b,ax2b],'x');
xlim([10, 2e3]);
%% Compare the FRF and identified dynamics from Va to de
figure;
tiledlayout(3, 1, 'TileSpacing', 'None', 'Padding', 'None');
ax1 = nexttile([2,1]);
hold on;
plot(f, abs(enc_frf(:, 1)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
'DisplayName', 'Meas. FRF');
for i = 2:length(leg_nums)
plot(f, abs(enc_frf(:, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end
set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',1);
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gs('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-', ...
'DisplayName', 'Model')
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude $d_e/V_a$ [m/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
hold off;
ylim([1e-8, 1e-3]);
legend('location', 'northeast');
ax2 = nexttile;
hold on;
for i = 1:length(leg_nums)
plot(f, 180/pi*angle(enc_frf(:, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2]);
end
set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',1);
plot(freqs, 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(Gs('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-')
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Phase [deg]');
hold off;
yticks(-360:90:360); ylim([-180, 180]);
linkaxes([ax1,ax2],'x');
xlim([20, 2e3]);
%% Load measured FRF of the struts
load('meas_struts_frf.mat', 'f', 'Ts', 'enc_frf', 'int_frf', 'iff_frf', 'leg_nums');
%% Initialize Simscape data
n_hexapod.flex_bot = initializeBotFlexibleJoint('type', '4dof');
n_hexapod.flex_top = initializeTopFlexibleJoint('type', '4dof');
n_hexapod.actuator = initializeAPA('type', 'flexible');
%% Input/Output definition
clear io; io_i = 1;
io(io_i) = linio([mdl, '/Va'], 1, 'openinput'); io_i = io_i + 1; % Actuator Voltage
io(io_i) = linio([mdl, '/de'], 1, 'openoutput'); io_i = io_i + 1; % Encoder
%% Identification
Gs = exp(-s*Ts)*linearize(mdl, io, 0.0, options);
Gs.InputName = {'Va'};
Gs.OutputName = {'de'};
%% Measured FRF from Vs to de and identified dynamics using the flexible APA
freqs = 2*logspace(0, 3, 1000);
figure;
tiledlayout(3, 1, 'TileSpacing', 'None', 'Padding', 'None');
ax1 = nexttile([2,1]);
hold on;
plot(f, abs(enc_frf(:, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
'DisplayName', 'Meas. FRF');
for i = 2:length(leg_nums)
plot(f, abs(enc_frf(:, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2], ...
'HandleVisibility', 'off');
end
set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',1);
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gs('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-', ...
'DisplayName', 'Model')
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude $d_e/V_a$ [m/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
hold off;
ylim([1e-8, 1e-3]);
legend('location', 'northeast');
ax2 = nexttile;
hold on;
for i = 1:length(leg_nums)
plot(f, 180/pi*angle(enc_frf(:, i)), 'color', [0,0,0,0.2]);
end
set(gca,'ColorOrderIndex',1);
plot(freqs, 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(Gs('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))), '-')
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Phase [deg]');
hold off;
yticks(-360:90:360); ylim([-180, 180]);
linkaxes([ax1,ax2],'x');
xlim([10, 2e3]);
%% Considered misalignments
dy_aligns = [-0.5, -0.1, 0, 0.1, 0.5]*1e-3; % [m]
%% Transfer functions from u to de for all the misalignment in y direction
Gs_align = {zeros(length(dy_aligns), 1)};
for i = 1:length(dy_aligns)
n_hexapod.actuator = initializeAPA('type', 'flexible', 'd_align', [0; dy_aligns(i); 0]);
G = exp(-s*Ts)*linearize(mdl, io, 0.0, options);
G.InputName = {'Va'};
G.OutputName = {'de'};
Gs_align(i) = {G};
end
%% Transfer function from Vs to de - effect of x-misalignment
freqs = 2*logspace(0, 3, 1000);
figure;
tiledlayout(3, 1, 'TileSpacing', 'None', 'Padding', 'None');
ax1 = nexttile([2,1]);
hold on;
for i = 1:length(dy_aligns)
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gs_align{i}('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))), ...
'DisplayName', sprintf('$d_y = %.1f$ [mm]', 1e3*dy_aligns(i)));
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude $d_e/V_a$ [m/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
hold off;
ylim([1e-8, 1e-3]);
legend('location', 'northeast');
ax2 = nexttile;
hold on;
for i = 1:length(dy_aligns)
plot(freqs, 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(Gs_align{i}('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))));
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Phase [deg]');
hold off;
yticks(-360:90:360); ylim([-180, 180]);
linkaxes([ax1,ax2],'x');
xlim([10, 2e3]);
%% Considered misalignments
dx_aligns = [-0.1, -0.05, 0, 0.05, 0.1]*1e-3; % [m]
%% Transfer functions from u to de for all the misalignment in x direction
Gs_align = {zeros(length(dx_aligns), 1)};
for i = 1:length(dx_aligns)
n_hexapod.actuator = initializeAPA('type', 'flexible', 'd_align', [dx_aligns(i); 0; 0]);
G = exp(-s*Ts)*linearize(mdl, io, 0.0, options);
G.InputName = {'Va'};
G.OutputName = {'de'};
Gs_align(i) = {G};
end
%% Transfer function from Vs to de - effect of x-misalignment
freqs = 2*logspace(0, 3, 1000);
figure;
tiledlayout(3, 1, 'TileSpacing', 'None', 'Padding', 'None');
ax1 = nexttile([2,1]);
hold on;
for i = 1:length(dx_aligns)
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gs_align{i}('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))), ...
'DisplayName', sprintf('$d_x = %.2f$ [mm]', 1e3*dx_aligns(i)));
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude $d_e/V_a$ [m/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
hold off;
ylim([1e-8, 1e-3]);
legend('location', 'northeast');
ax2 = nexttile;
hold on;
for i = 1:length(dx_aligns)
plot(freqs, 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(Gs_align{i}('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))));
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Phase [deg]');
hold off;
yticks(-360:90:360); ylim([-180, 180]);
linkaxes([ax1,ax2],'x');
xlim([10, 2e3]);
%% Tuned misalignment [m]
d_aligns = [[-0.05, -0.3, 0];
[ 0, 0.5, 0];
[-0.1, -0.3, 0];
[ 0, 0.3, 0];
[-0.05, 0.05, 0]]'*1e-3;
%% Idenfity the transfer function from actuator to encoder for all cases
Gs_align = {zeros(size(d_aligns,2), 1)};
for i = 1:size(d_aligns,2)
n_hexapod.actuator = initializeAPA('type', 'flexible', 'd_align', d_aligns(:,i));
G = exp(-s*Ts)*linearize(mdl, io, 0.0, options);
G.InputName = {'Va'};
G.OutputName = {'de'};
Gs_align(i) = {G};
end
%% Comparison of the plants (encoder output) when tuning the misalignment
freqs = 2*logspace(0, 3, 1000);
figure;
tiledlayout(2, 3, 'TileSpacing', 'Compact', 'Padding', 'None');
ax1 = nexttile();
hold on;
plot(f, abs(enc_frf(:, 1)));
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gs_align{1}('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))));
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]); ylabel('Amplitude [m/V]');
ax2 = nexttile();
hold on;
plot(f, abs(enc_frf(:, 2)));
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gs_align{2}('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))));
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]); set(gca, 'YTickLabel',[]);
ax3 = nexttile(4);
hold on;
plot(f, abs(enc_frf(:, 3)), 'DisplayName', 'Meas.');
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gs_align{3}('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))), ...
'DisplayName', 'Model');
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Amplitude [m/V]');
legend('location', 'southwest', 'FontSize', 8);
ax4 = nexttile(5);
hold on;
plot(f, abs(enc_frf(:, 4)));
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gs_align{4}('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))));
hold off;
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); set(gca, 'YTickLabel',[]);
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ax5 = nexttile(6);
hold on;
plot(f, abs(enc_frf(:, 5)));
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gs_align{5}('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))));
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); set(gca, 'YTickLabel',[]);
linkaxes([ax1,ax2,ax3,ax4,ax5],'xy');
xlim([20, 2e3]); ylim([1e-8, 1e-3]);
%% Input/Output definition
clear io; io_i = 1;
io(io_i) = linio([mdl, '/Va'], 1, 'openinput'); io_i = io_i + 1; % Actuator Voltage
io(io_i) = linio([mdl, '/de'], 1, 'openoutput'); io_i = io_i + 1; % Encoder
%% APA Initialization
n_hexapod.actuator = initializeAPA('type', 'flexible', 'd_align', [0.1e-3; 0.5e-3; 0]);
%% Tested bending stiffnesses [Nm/rad]
kRs = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7];
%% Idenfity the transfer function from actuator to encoder for all bending stiffnesses
Gs = {zeros(length(kRs), 1)};
for i = 1:length(kRs)
n_hexapod.flex_bot = initializeBotFlexibleJoint(...
'type', '4dof', ...
'kRx', kRs(i), ...
'kRy', kRs(i));
n_hexapod.flex_top = initializeTopFlexibleJoint(...
'type', '4dof', ...
'kRx', kRs(i), ...
'kRy', kRs(i));
G = exp(-s*Ts)*linearize(mdl, io, 0.0, options);
G.InputName = {'Va'};
G.OutputName = {'de'};
Gs(i) = {G};
end
%% Plot the obtained transfer functions for all the bending stiffnesses
freqs = 2*logspace(1, 3, 1000);
figure;
tiledlayout(3, 1, 'TileSpacing', 'None', 'Padding', 'None');
ax1 = nexttile([2,1]);
hold on;
for i = 1:length(kRs)
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gs{i}('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))), ...
'DisplayName', sprintf('$k_R = %.0f$ [Nm/rad]', kRs(i)));
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude $d_e/V_a$ [m/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
hold off;
ylim([1e-8, 1e-3]);
legend('location', 'northeast');
ax2 = nexttile;
hold on;
for i = 1:length(kRs)
plot(freqs, 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(Gs{i}('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))));
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Phase [deg]');
hold off;
yticks(-360:90:360); ylim([-180, 180]);
linkaxes([ax1,ax2],'x');
xlim([20, 2e3]);
%% Tested axial stiffnesses [N/m]
kzs = [5e7 7.5e7 1e8 2.5e8];
%% Idenfity the transfer function from actuator to encoder for all bending stiffnesses
Gs = {zeros(length(kzs), 1)};
for i = 1:length(kzs)
n_hexapod.flex_bot = initializeBotFlexibleJoint(...
'type', '4dof', ...
'kz', kzs(i));
n_hexapod.flex_top = initializeTopFlexibleJoint(...
'type', '4dof', ...
'kz', kzs(i));
G = exp(-s*Ts)*linearize(mdl, io, 0.0, options);
G.InputName = {'Va'};
G.OutputName = {'de'};
Gs(i) = {G};
end
%% Plot the obtained transfer functions for all the axial stiffnesses
freqs = 2*logspace(1, 3, 1000);
figure;
tiledlayout(3, 1, 'TileSpacing', 'None', 'Padding', 'None');
ax1 = nexttile([2,1]);
hold on;
for i = 1:length(kzs)
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gs{i}('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))), ...
'DisplayName', sprintf('$k_z = %.1e$ [N/m]', kzs(i)));
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude $d_e/V_a$ [m/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
hold off;
ylim([1e-8, 1e-3]);
legend('location', 'northeast');
ax2 = nexttile;
hold on;
for i = 1:length(kzs)
plot(freqs, 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(Gs{i}('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))));
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Phase [deg]');
hold off;
yticks(-360:90:360); ylim([-180, 180]);
linkaxes([ax1,ax2],'x');
xlim([20, 2e3]);
%% Tested bending dampings [Nm/(rad/s)]
cRs = [1e-3, 5e-3, 1e-2, 5e-2, 1e-1];
%% Idenfity the transfer function from actuator to encoder for all bending dampins
Gs = {zeros(length(kRs), 1)};
for i = 1:length(kRs)
n_hexapod.flex_bot = initializeBotFlexibleJoint(...
'type', '4dof', ...
'cRx', cRs(i), ...
'cRy', cRs(i));
n_hexapod.flex_top = initializeTopFlexibleJoint(...
'type', '4dof', ...
'cRx', cRs(i), ...
'cRy', cRs(i));
G = exp(-s*Ts)*linearize(mdl, io, 0.0, options);
G.InputName = {'Va'};
G.OutputName = {'de'};
Gs(i) = {G};
end
%% Plot the obtained transfer functions for all the bending stiffnesses
freqs = 2*logspace(1, 3, 1000);
figure;
tiledlayout(3, 1, 'TileSpacing', 'None', 'Padding', 'None');
ax1 = nexttile([2,1]);
hold on;
for i = 1:length(kRs)
plot(freqs, abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gs{i}('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))), ...
'DisplayName', sprintf('$c_R = %.3f\\,[\\frac{Nm}{rad/s}]$', cRs(i)));
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
ylabel('Amplitude $d_e/V_a$ [m/V]'); set(gca, 'XTickLabel',[]);
hold off;
ylim([1e-8, 1e-3]);
legend('location', 'southwest');
ax2 = nexttile;
hold on;
for i = 1:length(kRs)
plot(freqs, 180/pi*angle(squeeze(freqresp(Gs{i}('de', 'Va'), freqs, 'Hz'))));
end
hold off;
set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'lin');
xlabel('Frequency [Hz]'); ylabel('Phase [deg]');
hold off;
yticks(-360:90:360); ylim([-180, 180]);
linkaxes([ax1,ax2],'x');
xlim([20, 2e3]);