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@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Such amplifier is used to control motors (e.g. voice coil, BLDC, stepper motors,
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## Required properties {#required-properties}
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Main required properties are (taken from (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_4">Schmidt, Schitter, and Rankers 2020</a>)):
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Main required properties are (taken from (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_2">Schmidt, Schitter, and Rankers 2020</a>)):
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- **Power delivery capability**
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- **Dynamic properties**
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@@ -221,69 +221,20 @@ Howland current source is shown in [Figure 1](#figure--fig:art-electronics-curre
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<a id="figure--fig:art-electronics-current-source"></a>
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{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/art_electronics_current_source.png" caption="<span class='figure-number'>Figure 1: </span>From (<a href='#citeproc_bib_item_1'>Horowitz 2015</a>)" >}}
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{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/art_electronics_current_source.png" caption="<span class='figure-number'>Figure 1: </span>From <&horowitz15_art_of_elect_third_edition>" >}}
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### Other circuits found in the litterature {#other-circuits-found-in-the-litterature}
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{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/lafarga24_current_amplifier.png" caption="<span class='figure-number'>Figure 2: </span>From (<a href='#citeproc_bib_item_2'>Lafarga 2024</a>), Appendix B" >}}
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{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/lafarga24_current_amplifier.png" caption="<span class='figure-number'>Figure 2: </span>From <&lafarga24_activ_vibrat_isolat_system_space_applic>, Appendix B" >}}
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{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/okyay16_current_amplifier_schematic.png" caption="<span class='figure-number'>Figure 3: </span>From (<a href='#citeproc_bib_item_3'>Okyay 2016</a>), Appendix A" >}}
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{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/okyay16_current_amplifier_schematic.png" caption="<span class='figure-number'>Figure 3: </span>From <&okyay16_mechat_desig_dynam_contr_metrol>, Appendix A" >}}
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## Estimation of the required current noise {#estimation-of-the-required-current-noise}
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### Voice Coil Actuator with flexible guiding {#voice-coil-actuator-with-flexible-guiding}
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```matlab
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%% Frequency vector used for the analysis
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freqs = logspace(0, 4, 1000); % [Hz]
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%% Motor properties
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Kt = 28; % Force constant [N/A]
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%% Amplifier Noise
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In = 1e-6.*ones(size(freqs)); % Current noise density [A/sqrt(Hz)]
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%% DAC Noise
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Vn = (20/2^20)^2/12*1e4*ones(size(freqs)); % DAC output noise in [V/sqrt(Hz)]
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Vn = 3e-8
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Gi = 0.2; % Amplifier Gain [A/V]
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%% Mechanical properties
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m = 200e-3; % Mobile mass [kg]
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k = 1e3; % Guiding stiffness [N/m]
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xi = 0.05; % Modal Damping
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```
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```matlab
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%% Transfer function from F [N] to x [m]
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Gx = 1/(m*s^2);
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```
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```matlab
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%% Transfer function from I [A] to x [m]
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x_asd_i = In.*abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gx*Kt, freqs, 'Hz')))';
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x_asd_v = Vn.*abs(squeeze(freqresp(Gx*Gi*Kt, freqs, 'Hz')))';
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%% Cumulative amplitude spectrum
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figure;
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tiledlayout(1, 1, 'TileSpacing', 'Compact', 'Padding', 'None');
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nexttile();
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hold on;
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plot(freqs, sqrt(flip(-cumtrapz(flip(freqs), flip(x_asd_i.^2)))) , '-');
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plot(freqs, sqrt(flip(-cumtrapz(flip(freqs), flip(x_asd_v.^2)))) , '-');
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plot(freqs, ex , '-');
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hold off;
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set(gca, 'XScale', 'log'); set(gca, 'YScale', 'log');
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ylabel('Magnitude'); xlabel('Frequency [Hz]');
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xlim([0, 1e3]);
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```
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### Approximate analytical formula {#approximate-analytical-formula}
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Let's consider a simple suspended mass (with mass `m` in kg) driven by a voice coil (with a motor constant `Kt` in N/A).
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The control is done in closed-loop, with a feedback bandwidth `fb` in Hz.
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Parameters:
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@@ -304,40 +255,32 @@ We have that the residual motion when the feedback controller is closed is appro
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Therefore, this formula can be used to:
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-
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<!--listend-->
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```matlab
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%% Estimate the position stability from the current noise and system parameters
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m = 1; % [kg]
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m = 1; % [kg]
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In = 1e-6; % [A/sqrt(Hz)]
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Kt = 10; % [N/A]
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fb = 10; % [Hz]
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fb = 100; % [Hz]
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ex = In*Kt/m/(2*pi)^2*sqrt(1./(3*fb^3));
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```
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```text
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epsilon x = 4.6 [nm RMS]
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epsilon x = 0.15 [nm RMS]
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```
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-
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<!--listend-->
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```matlab
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%% Estimate the required current noise from the wanted position stability and the parameters of the system
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m = 1; % [kg]
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m = 1; % [kg]
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Kt = 10; % [N/A]
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fb = 50; % [Hz]
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fb = 100; % [Hz]
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ex = 1e-9; % [m RMS]
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In = ex*m*(2*pi)^2/Kt * sqrt(3*fb^3);
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```
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```text
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In = 2.4e-06 [A/sqrt(Hz)]
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In = 6.8e-06 [A/sqrt(Hz)]
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```
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@@ -345,7 +288,5 @@ In = 2.4e-06 [A/sqrt(Hz)]
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<style>.csl-entry{text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em;}</style><div class="csl-bib-body">
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_1"></a>Horowitz, Paul. 2015. <i>The Art of Electronics - Third Edition</i>. New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.</div>
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_2"></a>Lafarga, Vicente. 2024. “Active Vibration Isolation System for Space Applications.” ULB.</div>
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_3"></a>Okyay, A. 2016. “Mechatronic Design, Dynamics, Controls, and Metrology of a Long-Stroke Linear Nano-Positioner.” University of Waterloo.</div>
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_4"></a>Schmidt, R. M., G. Schitter, and A. Rankers. 2020. <i>The Design of High Performance Mechatronics - Third Revised Edition</i>. Ios Press.</div>
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_2"></a>Schmidt, R. M., G. Schitter, and A. Rankers. 2020. <i>The Design of High Performance Mechatronics - Third Revised Edition</i>. Ios Press.</div>
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</div>
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