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@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Year
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- \\(T\_{wx}(s)\\) is called the **transmissibility** of the isolator. It characterize the way seismic vibrations \\(w\\) are transmitted to the equipment.
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- \\(T\_{Fx}(s)\\) is called the **compliance**. It characterize the capacity of disturbing forces \\(F\\) to create motion \\(x\\) of the equipment.
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In order to minimize the vibrations of a sensitive equipment, a general objective to design a good isolator is to minimize both \\(\abs{T\_{wx}}\\) and \\(\abs{T\_{Fx}}\\) in the frequency range of interest.
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In order to minimize the vibrations of a sensitive equipment, a general objective to design a good isolator is to minimize both \\(|T\_{wx}|\\) and \\(|T\_{Fx}|\\) in the frequency range of interest.
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To decrease the amplitude of the overshoot at the resonance frequency, **damping** can be increased.
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The price to pay is degradation of the isolation at high frequency (the roll off becomes \\(-1\\) instead of \\(-2\\)).
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@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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+++
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title = "Exploiting additional actuators and sensors for nano-positioning robust motion control"
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author = ["Dehaeze Thomas"]
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draft = false
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draft = true
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+++
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Tags
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@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
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title = "Simultaneous vibration isolation and pointing control of flexure jointed hexapods"
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author = ["Dehaeze Thomas"]
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draft = false
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+++
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Tags
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: [Stewart Platforms]({{< relref "stewart_platforms.md" >}}), [Vibration Isolation]({{< relref "vibration_isolation.md" >}})
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Reference
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: (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_1">Li, Hamann, and McInroy 2001</a>)
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Author(s)
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: Li, X., Hamann, J. C., & McInroy, J. E.
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Year
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: 2001
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- if the hexapod is designed such that the payload mass/inertia matrix (\\(M\_x\\)) and \\(J^T J\\) are diagonal, the dynamics from \\(u\\) to \\(y\\) are decoupled.
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## Bibliography {#bibliography}
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<style>.csl-entry{text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em;}</style><div class="csl-bib-body">
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_1"></a>Li, Xiaochun, Jerry C. Hamann, and John E. McInroy. 2001. “Simultaneous Vibration Isolation and Pointing Control of Flexure Jointed Hexapods.” In <i>Smart Structures and Materials 2001: Smart Structures and Integrated Systems</i>. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.436521">10.1117/12.436521</a>.</div>
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</div>
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@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ where:
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- \\(\mathcal{F}\_e\\) represents a vector of exogenous generalized forces applied at the center of mass
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- \\(g\\) is the gravity vector
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By combining \ref{eq:strut\_dynamics\_vec}, \ref{eq:payload\_dynamics} and \ref{eq:generalized\_force}, a single equation describing the dynamics of a flexure jointed hexapod can be found:
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By combining \eqref{eq:strut\_dynamics\_vec}, \eqref{eq:payload\_dynamics} and \eqref{eq:generalized\_force}, a single equation describing the dynamics of a flexure jointed hexapod can be found:
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\begin{equation}
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{}^UJ^T [ f\_m - M\_s \ddot{l} - B \dot{l} - K(l - l\_r) - M\_s \ddot{q}\_u - M\_s g\_u + M\_s v\_2] + \mathcal{F}\_e - \begin{bmatrix} mg \\\ 0\_{3\times 1} \end{bmatrix} = M\_x \ddot{\mathcal{X}} + c(\omega) \label{eq:eom\_fjh}
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ In order to get dominance at low frequencies, the hexapod must be designed so th
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This puts a limit on the rotational stiffness of the flexure joint and shows that as the strut is made softer (by decreasing \\(k\\)), the spherical flexure joint must be made proportionately softer.
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By satisfying \ref{eq:cond\_stiff}, \\(f\_p\\) can be aligned with the strut for frequencies much below the spherical joint's resonance mode:
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By satisfying \eqref{eq:cond\_stiff}, \\(f\_p\\) can be aligned with the strut for frequencies much below the spherical joint's resonance mode:
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\\[ \omega \ll \sqrt{\frac{k\_r}{m\_s l^2}} \rightarrow x\_{\text{gain}\_\omega} \approx \frac{k}{k\_r/l^2} \gg 1 \\]
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At frequencies much above the strut's resonance mode, \\(f\_p\\) is not dominated by its \\(x\\) component:
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\\[ \omega \gg \sqrt{\frac{k}{m\_s}} \rightarrow x\_{\text{gain}\_\omega} \approx 1 \\]
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@@ -225,14 +225,14 @@ In this case, it is reasonable to use:
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<div class="important">
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By designing the flexure jointed hexapod and its controller so that both \ref{eq:cond\_stiff} and \ref{eq:cond\_bandwidth} are met, the dynamics of the hexapod can be greatly reduced in complexity.
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By designing the flexure jointed hexapod and its controller so that both \eqref{eq:cond\_stiff} and \eqref{eq:cond\_bandwidth} are met, the dynamics of the hexapod can be greatly reduced in complexity.
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</div>
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## Relationships between joint and cartesian space {#relationships-between-joint-and-cartesian-space}
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Equation \ref{eq:eom\_fjh} is not suitable for control analysis and design because \\(\ddot{\mathcal{X}}\\) is implicitly a function of \\(\ddot{q}\_u\\).
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Equation \eqref{eq:eom\_fjh} is not suitable for control analysis and design because \\(\ddot{\mathcal{X}}\\) is implicitly a function of \\(\ddot{q}\_u\\).
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This section will derive this implicit relationship.
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Let denote:
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@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ In order to provide low frequency passive vibration isolation, the hard actuator
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<a id="table--tab:mcinroy99-strut-model"></a>
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<div class="table-caption">
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<span class="table-number"><a href="#table--tab:mcinroy99-strut-model">Table 1</a>:</span>
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Definition of quantities on <a href="#orgfe6d4ea">2</a>
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Definition of quantities on <a href="#orgf3f08ed">2</a>
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</div>
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| **Symbol** | **Meaning** |
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@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ where:
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- \\(\mathcal{F}\_e\\) represents a vector of exogenous generalized forces applied at the center of mass
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- \\(g\\) is the gravity vector
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By combining \ref{eq:strut\_dynamics\_vec}, \ref{eq:payload\_dynamics} and \ref{eq:generalized\_force}, a single equation describing the dynamics of a flexure jointed hexapod can be found:
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By combining \eqref{eq:strut\_dynamics\_vec}, \eqref{eq:payload\_dynamics} and \eqref{eq:generalized\_force}, a single equation describing the dynamics of a flexure jointed hexapod can be found:
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\begin{aligned}
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& {}^UJ^T [ f\_m - M\_s \ddot{l} - B \dot{l} - K(l - l\_r) - M\_s \ddot{q}\_u\\\\
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@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ The loop must maintain very good frequency response fidelity over wide frequency
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But a key fact about physical systems is that they do not exhibit good frequency response fidelity beyond a certain bandwidth.
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This is due to uncertain or unmodeled dynamics in the plant, to digital control implementations, to power limits, to nonlinearities, and to many other factors.
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Let us call that bandwidth the available bandwidth" \\(\Omega\_a\\), to distinguish it from other bandwidths such as crossover or \\(3-dB\\) magnitude loss.
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The available bandwidth is the frequency up to which we can keep \\(G(j\omega) K(j\omega)\\) close to a nominal design and beyond which we can only guarantee that the actual loop magnitude will attenuate rapidly enough (e.g. \\(|G(j\omega) K(j\omeg\\))| < δ/ω^2$).
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The available bandwidth is the frequency up to which we can keep \\(G(j\omega) K(j\omega)\\) close to a nominal design and beyond which we can only guarantee that the actual loop magnitude will attenuate rapidly enough (e.g. \\(|G(j\omega) K(j\omega)| < \delta/\omega^2\\)).
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In today's popular robust control jargon, the available bandwidth is the frequency range over which the unstructured multiplicative perturbations are substantially less than unity.
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Note that the available bandwidth is not a function of the compensator or of the control design process.
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@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ The array \\(H(\omega\_i), i = 1 \dots N\_f\\) of complex matrices can be repres
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<div class="important">
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The core result of this paper is that the decomposition can be found by rephrasing \ref{eq:decomposition} as a "Canonical Polyadic Decomposition" (CPD).
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The core result of this paper is that the decomposition can be found by rephrasing \eqref{eq:decomposition} as a "Canonical Polyadic Decomposition" (CPD).
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This is shown in [Figure 2](#figure--fig:stoev17-decompos-3d-tensor), where \\(T\_y,T\_u,S\_d\\) can be directly computed using a single Matlab function.
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</div>
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