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@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Year
- \\(T\_{wx}(s)\\) is called the **transmissibility** of the isolator. It characterize the way seismic vibrations \\(w\\) are transmitted to the equipment.
- \\(T\_{Fx}(s)\\) is called the **compliance**. It characterize the capacity of disturbing forces \\(F\\) to create motion \\(x\\) of the equipment.
In order to minimize the vibrations of a sensitive equipment, a general objective to design a good isolator is to minimize both \\(\abs{T\_{wx}}\\) and \\(\abs{T\_{Fx}}\\) in the frequency range of interest.
In order to minimize the vibrations of a sensitive equipment, a general objective to design a good isolator is to minimize both \\(|T\_{wx}|\\) and \\(|T\_{Fx}|\\) in the frequency range of interest.
To decrease the amplitude of the overshoot at the resonance frequency, **damping** can be increased.
The price to pay is degradation of the isolation at high frequency (the roll off becomes \\(-1\\) instead of \\(-2\\)).
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+++
title = "Exploiting additional actuators and sensors for nano-positioning robust motion control"
author = ["Dehaeze Thomas"]
draft = false
draft = true
+++
Tags
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
+++
title = "Simultaneous vibration isolation and pointing control of flexure jointed hexapods"
author = ["Dehaeze Thomas"]
draft = false
+++
Tags
: [Stewart Platforms]({{< relref "stewart_platforms.md" >}}), [Vibration Isolation]({{< relref "vibration_isolation.md" >}})
Reference
: (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_1">Li, Hamann, and McInroy 2001</a>)
Author(s)
: Li, X., Hamann, J. C., &amp; McInroy, J. E.
Year
: 2001
- if the hexapod is designed such that the payload mass/inertia matrix (\\(M\_x\\)) and \\(J^T J\\) are diagonal, the dynamics from \\(u\\) to \\(y\\) are decoupled.
## Bibliography {#bibliography}
<style>.csl-entry{text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em;}</style><div class="csl-bib-body">
<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_1"></a>Li, Xiaochun, Jerry C. Hamann, and John E. McInroy. 2001. “Simultaneous Vibration Isolation and Pointing Control of Flexure Jointed Hexapods.” In <i>Smart Structures and Materials 2001: Smart Structures and Integrated Systems</i>. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.436521">10.1117/12.436521</a>.</div>
</div>
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ where:
- \\(\mathcal{F}\_e\\) represents a vector of exogenous generalized forces applied at the center of mass
- \\(g\\) is the gravity vector
By combining \ref{eq:strut\_dynamics\_vec}, \ref{eq:payload\_dynamics} and \ref{eq:generalized\_force}, a single equation describing the dynamics of a flexure jointed hexapod can be found:
By combining \eqref{eq:strut\_dynamics\_vec}, \eqref{eq:payload\_dynamics} and \eqref{eq:generalized\_force}, a single equation describing the dynamics of a flexure jointed hexapod can be found:
\begin{equation}
{}^UJ^T [ f\_m - M\_s \ddot{l} - B \dot{l} - K(l - l\_r) - M\_s \ddot{q}\_u - M\_s g\_u + M\_s v\_2] + \mathcal{F}\_e - \begin{bmatrix} mg \\\ 0\_{3\times 1} \end{bmatrix} = M\_x \ddot{\mathcal{X}} + c(\omega) \label{eq:eom\_fjh}
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ In order to get dominance at low frequencies, the hexapod must be designed so th
This puts a limit on the rotational stiffness of the flexure joint and shows that as the strut is made softer (by decreasing \\(k\\)), the spherical flexure joint must be made proportionately softer.
By satisfying \ref{eq:cond\_stiff}, \\(f\_p\\) can be aligned with the strut for frequencies much below the spherical joint's resonance mode:
By satisfying \eqref{eq:cond\_stiff}, \\(f\_p\\) can be aligned with the strut for frequencies much below the spherical joint's resonance mode:
\\[ \omega \ll \sqrt{\frac{k\_r}{m\_s l^2}} \rightarrow x\_{\text{gain}\_\omega} \approx \frac{k}{k\_r/l^2} \gg 1 \\]
At frequencies much above the strut's resonance mode, \\(f\_p\\) is not dominated by its \\(x\\) component:
\\[ \omega \gg \sqrt{\frac{k}{m\_s}} \rightarrow x\_{\text{gain}\_\omega} \approx 1 \\]
@@ -225,14 +225,14 @@ In this case, it is reasonable to use:
<div class="important">
By designing the flexure jointed hexapod and its controller so that both \ref{eq:cond\_stiff} and \ref{eq:cond\_bandwidth} are met, the dynamics of the hexapod can be greatly reduced in complexity.
By designing the flexure jointed hexapod and its controller so that both \eqref{eq:cond\_stiff} and \eqref{eq:cond\_bandwidth} are met, the dynamics of the hexapod can be greatly reduced in complexity.
</div>
## Relationships between joint and cartesian space {#relationships-between-joint-and-cartesian-space}
Equation \ref{eq:eom\_fjh} is not suitable for control analysis and design because \\(\ddot{\mathcal{X}}\\) is implicitly a function of \\(\ddot{q}\_u\\).
Equation \eqref{eq:eom\_fjh} is not suitable for control analysis and design because \\(\ddot{\mathcal{X}}\\) is implicitly a function of \\(\ddot{q}\_u\\).
This section will derive this implicit relationship.
Let denote:
+2 -2
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@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ In order to provide low frequency passive vibration isolation, the hard actuator
<a id="table--tab:mcinroy99-strut-model"></a>
<div class="table-caption">
<span class="table-number"><a href="#table--tab:mcinroy99-strut-model">Table 1</a>:</span>
Definition of quantities on <a href="#orgfe6d4ea">2</a>
Definition of quantities on <a href="#orgf3f08ed">2</a>
</div>
| **Symbol** | **Meaning** |
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ where:
- \\(\mathcal{F}\_e\\) represents a vector of exogenous generalized forces applied at the center of mass
- \\(g\\) is the gravity vector
By combining \ref{eq:strut\_dynamics\_vec}, \ref{eq:payload\_dynamics} and \ref{eq:generalized\_force}, a single equation describing the dynamics of a flexure jointed hexapod can be found:
By combining \eqref{eq:strut\_dynamics\_vec}, \eqref{eq:payload\_dynamics} and \eqref{eq:generalized\_force}, a single equation describing the dynamics of a flexure jointed hexapod can be found:
\begin{aligned}
& {}^UJ^T [ f\_m - M\_s \ddot{l} - B \dot{l} - K(l - l\_r) - M\_s \ddot{q}\_u\\\\
+1 -1
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@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ The loop must maintain very good frequency response fidelity over wide frequency
But a key fact about physical systems is that they do not exhibit good frequency response fidelity beyond a certain bandwidth.
This is due to uncertain or unmodeled dynamics in the plant, to digital control implementations, to power limits, to nonlinearities, and to many other factors.
Let us call that bandwidth the available bandwidth" \\(\Omega\_a\\), to distinguish it from other bandwidths such as crossover or \\(3-dB\\) magnitude loss.
The available bandwidth is the frequency up to which we can keep \\(G(j\omega) K(j\omega)\\) close to a nominal design and beyond which we can only guarantee that the actual loop magnitude will attenuate rapidly enough (e.g. \\(|G(j\omega) K(j\omeg\\))| &lt; &delta;/&omega;^2$).
The available bandwidth is the frequency up to which we can keep \\(G(j\omega) K(j\omega)\\) close to a nominal design and beyond which we can only guarantee that the actual loop magnitude will attenuate rapidly enough (e.g. \\(|G(j\omega) K(j\omega)| < \delta/\omega^2\\)).
In today's popular robust control jargon, the available bandwidth is the frequency range over which the unstructured multiplicative perturbations are substantially less than unity.
Note that the available bandwidth is not a function of the compensator or of the control design process.
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ The array \\(H(\omega\_i), i = 1 \dots N\_f\\) of complex matrices can be repres
<div class="important">
The core result of this paper is that the decomposition can be found by rephrasing \ref{eq:decomposition} as a "Canonical Polyadic Decomposition" (CPD).
The core result of this paper is that the decomposition can be found by rephrasing \eqref{eq:decomposition} as a "Canonical Polyadic Decomposition" (CPD).
This is shown in [Figure 2](#figure--fig:stoev17-decompos-3d-tensor), where \\(T\_y,T\_u,S\_d\\) can be directly computed using a single Matlab function.
</div>