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@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Basic requirements (taken from [here](https://www.aptechnologies.co.uk/home/supp
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Estimation of the linear region.
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The relation between the spot size and the quadrant photodiode sensitivity is well explained in (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_2">Lee et al. 2010</a>).
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The relation between the spot size and the quadrant photodiode sensitivity is well explained in (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_3">Lee et al. 2010</a>).
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Usually, single mode laser are used such that the beam profile can well be approximated by a Gaussian distribution.
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The irradiance distribution is then:
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@@ -69,18 +69,18 @@ Spot size of collimated bean at focal plane of a lens ([link](https://www.gentec
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See:
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- (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_5">Ng, Tan, and Foo 2007</a>)
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- (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_4">Manojlović 2011</a>)
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- (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_6">Wu et al. 2015</a>)
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- (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_6">Ng, Tan, and Foo 2007</a>)
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- (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_5">Manojlović 2011</a>)
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- (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_7">Wu et al. 2015</a>)
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- (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_1">Azaryan et al. 2019</a>)
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- (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_3">Li et al. 2019</a>)
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- (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_4">Li et al. 2019</a>)
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## Electrical Readout {#electrical-readout}
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[Transimpedance Amplifiers]({{< relref "transimpedance_amplifiers.md" >}}) amplifiers are required (schematic shown in [Figure 4](#figure--fig:quadrant-transresistance-amplifier)).
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- Trade-off between gain / noise / bandwidth (see [The art of electronics - third edition]({{< relref "horowitz15_art_of_elect_third_edition.md" >}}), chapter 8.11.4).
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- Trade-off between gain / noise / bandwidth (see (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_2">Horowitz 2015</a>), chapter 8.11.4).
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The amplifier in [Figure 4](#figure--fig:quadrant-transresistance-amplifier) produces a voltage:
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@@ -161,9 +161,10 @@ We now that the maximum translation of the beam is \\(\Delta z = 1\\,mm\\) and t
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<style>.csl-entry{text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em;}</style><div class="csl-bib-body">
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_1"></a>Azaryan, N. S., J. A. Budagov, M. V. Lyablin, A. A. Pluzhnikov, B. Di Girolamo, J.-Ch. Gayde, and D. Mergelkuhl. 2019. “Position-Sensitive Photoreceivers: Sensitivity and Detectable Range of Displacements of a Focused Single-Mode Laser Beam.” <i>Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters</i> 16 (4): 354–76. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1134/s1547477119040058">10.1134/s1547477119040058</a>.</div>
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_2"></a>Lee, Eun Joong, Youngok Park, Chul Sung Kim, and Taejoon Kouh. 2010. “Detection Sensitivity of the Optical Beam Deflection Method Characterized with the Optical Spot Size on the Detector.” <i>Current Applied Physics</i> 10 (3): 834–37. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2009.10.003">10.1016/j.cap.2009.10.003</a>.</div>
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_3"></a>Li, Qing, Shaoxiong Xu, Jiawei Yu, Lingjie Yan, and Yongmei Huang. 2019. “An Improved Method for the Position Detection of a Quadrant Detector for Free Space Optical Communication.” <i>Sensors</i> 19 (1): 175. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010175">10.3390/s19010175</a>.</div>
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_4"></a>Manojlović, Lazo M. 2011. “Quadrant Photodetector Sensitivity.” <i>Applied Optics</i> 50 (20). Optical Society of America: 3461–69.</div>
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_5"></a>Ng, T.W., H.Y. Tan, and S.L. Foo. 2007. “Small Gaussian Laser Beam Diameter Measurement Using a Quadrant Photodiode.” <i>Optics &Amp; Laser Technology</i> 39 (5): 1098–1100. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2006.06.001">10.1016/j.optlastec.2006.06.001</a>.</div>
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_6"></a>Wu, Jiabin, Yunshan Chen, Shijie Gao, Yimang Li, and Zhiyong Wu. 2015. “Improved Measurement Accuracy of Spot Position on an Ingaas Quadrant Detector.” <i>Applied Optics</i> 54 (27). Optical Society of America: 8049–54.</div>
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_2"></a>Horowitz, Paul. 2015. <i>The Art of Electronics - Third Edition</i>. New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.</div>
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_3"></a>Lee, Eun Joong, Youngok Park, Chul Sung Kim, and Taejoon Kouh. 2010. “Detection Sensitivity of the Optical Beam Deflection Method Characterized with the Optical Spot Size on the Detector.” <i>Current Applied Physics</i> 10 (3): 834–37. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2009.10.003">10.1016/j.cap.2009.10.003</a>.</div>
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_4"></a>Li, Qing, Shaoxiong Xu, Jiawei Yu, Lingjie Yan, and Yongmei Huang. 2019. “An Improved Method for the Position Detection of a Quadrant Detector for Free Space Optical Communication.” <i>Sensors</i> 19 (1): 175. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010175">10.3390/s19010175</a>.</div>
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_5"></a>Manojlović, Lazo M. 2011. “Quadrant Photodetector Sensitivity.” <i>Applied Optics</i> 50 (20). Optical Society of America: 3461–69.</div>
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_6"></a>Ng, T.W., H.Y. Tan, and S.L. Foo. 2007. “Small Gaussian Laser Beam Diameter Measurement Using a Quadrant Photodiode.” <i>Optics &Amp; Laser Technology</i> 39 (5): 1098–1100. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2006.06.001">10.1016/j.optlastec.2006.06.001</a>.</div>
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_7"></a>Wu, Jiabin, Yunshan Chen, Shijie Gao, Yimang Li, and Zhiyong Wu. 2015. “Improved Measurement Accuracy of Spot Position on an Ingaas Quadrant Detector.” <i>Applied Optics</i> 54 (27). Optical Society of America: 8049–54.</div>
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</div>
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@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ This is usually larger than the amplifier input current noise.
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{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/transimpedance_amplifier_schematic.png" caption="<span class='figure-number'>Figure 1: </span>Transimpedance Amplifier; Current in, Voltage out" >}}
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More information about transimpedance can be found in [The art of electronics - third edition]({{< relref "horowitz15_art_of_elect_third_edition.md" >}}), chapter 8.11.4, especially on the trade-off between gain, noise and bandwidth.
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More information about transimpedance can be found in (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_1">Horowitz 2015</a>), chapter 8.11.4, especially on the trade-off between gain, noise and bandwidth.
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See [this](https://www.hardware-x.com/article/S2468-0672(21)00062-6/fulltext) open hardware design.
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@@ -63,4 +63,5 @@ See [this](https://www.hardware-x.com/article/S2468-0672(21)00062-6/fulltext) op
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## Bibliography {#bibliography}
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<style>.csl-entry{text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em;}</style><div class="csl-bib-body">
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_1"></a>Horowitz, Paul. 2015. <i>The Art of Electronics - Third Edition</i>. New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.</div>
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</div>
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