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title = "Collocated Control"
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author = ["Dehaeze Thomas"]
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: [Actuators]({{< relref "actuators.md" >}}), [Force Sensors]({{< relref "force_sensors.md" >}}), [Position Sensors]({{< relref "position_sensors.md" >}}), [Inertial Sensors]({{< relref "inertial_sensors.md" >}})
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## Collocated/Dual actuator and sensor {#collocated-dual-actuator-and-sensor}
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According to (<a href="#citeproc_bib_item_1">Preumont 2018</a>):
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> A **collocated** control system is a control system where the actuator and the sensor are attached to the same degree of freedom.
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>
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> It is not sufficient to be attached to the same location, but they must also be **dual**, that is a force actuator must be associated with a translation sensor (measuring displacement, velocity, or acceleration), in such a way that the product of the actuator signal and the sensor signal represents the energy (power) exchange between the structure and the control system.
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## Nearly Collocated Actuator Sensor Pair {#nearly-collocated-actuator-sensor-pair}
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From [Figure 1](#figure--fig:preumont18-nearly-collocated-schematic), it is clear that at some frequency / for some mode, the actuator and the sensor will not be collocated anymore (here starting with mode 3).
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<a id="figure--fig:preumont18-nearly-collocated-schematic"></a>
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{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/preumont18_nearly_collocated_schematic.png" caption="<span class='figure-number'>Figure 1: </span>Mode shapes for a uniform beam. \\(u\\) and \\(y\\) are not collocated actuator and sensor" >}}
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## Piezoelectric Stack as a sensor/actuator pair {#piezoelectric-stack-as-a-sensor-actuator-pair}
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One can use on part of a [Piezoelectric Stack]({{< relref "piezoelectric_actuators.md" >}}) as an actuator and the other part as a sensor.
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At some frequency, the sensor/actuator pair will not be collocated anymore.
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If we want to be collocated up to the highest possible frequency, the sensor part should be made small.
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Of course, this will reduce the sensibility.
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## Bibliography {#bibliography}
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<style>.csl-entry{text-indent: -1.5em; margin-left: 1.5em;}</style><div class="csl-bib-body">
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<div class="csl-entry"><a id="citeproc_bib_item_1"></a>Preumont, A. 2018. <i>Vibration Control of Active Structures - Fourth Edition</i>. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications. Springer International Publishing. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72296-2">10.1007/978-3-319-72296-2</a>.</div>
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</div>
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