% Created 2025-04-21 Mon 16:49
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\documentclass[a4paper, 10pt, DIV=12, parskip=full, bibliography=totoc]{scrreprt}

\input{preamble.tex}
\input{preamble_extra.tex}
\bibliography{nass-design.bib}
\author{Dehaeze Thomas}
\date{\today}
\title{Nano Hexapod - Obtained Design}
\hypersetup{
 pdfauthor={Dehaeze Thomas},
 pdftitle={Nano Hexapod - Obtained Design},
 pdfkeywords={},
 pdfsubject={},
 pdfcreator={Emacs 30.1 (Org mode 9.7.26)}, 
 pdflang={English}}
\usepackage{biblatex}

\begin{document}

\maketitle
\tableofcontents

\clearpage
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1,width=0.95\linewidth]{figs/detail_design_nano_hexapod_elements.png}
\caption{\label{fig:detail_design_nano_hexapod_elements}Obtained mechanical design of the Active platform, the ``nano-hexapod''}
\end{figure}


\textbf{Design goals}:
\begin{itemize}
\item Position \texttt{bi} and \texttt{si}
\item Maximum height of 95mm
\item As close as possible to ``perfect'' stewart platform: flexible modes at high frequency
\item Easy mounting, easy change of strut in case of failure
\end{itemize}


Presentation of the obtained design:
\begin{itemize}
\item Fixation
\item Section on: Complete strut
\item Cable management
\item Plates design
\item FEM results
\item Explain again the different specifications in terms of space, payload, etc..
\item CAD view of the nano-hexapod
\item Chosen geometry, materials, ease of mounting, cabling, \ldots{}
\item Validation on Simscape with accurate model?
\end{itemize}
\chapter{Mechanical Design}
\label{sec:detail_design_mechanics}
\section{Struts}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=1,width=0.95\linewidth]{figs/detail_design_strut_without_enc.jpg}
\end{center}
\subcaption{\label{fig:detail_design_strut_without_enc}Before encoder integration}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=1,width=0.95\linewidth]{figs/detail_design_strut_with_enc.jpg}
\end{center}
\subcaption{\label{fig:detail_design_strut_with_enc}With the mounted encoder}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{\label{fig:detail_design_strut}Design of the Nano-Hexapod struts. Before (\subref{fig:detail_design_strut_without_enc}) and after (\subref{fig:detail_design_strut_with_enc}) encoder integration.}
\end{figure}
\subsubsection{Flexible joints}

Flexible joints: X5CrNiCuNb16-4 (F16Ph)
\begin{itemize}
\item high yield strength: specified >1GPa using heat treatment
\item high fatigue resistance
\end{itemize}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=1,scale=1]{figs/detail_design_apa.png}
\end{center}
\subcaption{\label{fig:detail_design_apa}Amplified Piezoelectric Actuator}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=1,scale=1]{figs/detail_design_flexible_joint.png}
\end{center}
\subcaption{\label{fig:detail_design_flexible_joint}Flexible joint}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{\label{fig:detail_design_apa_joints}Two main components of the struts: the amplified piezoelectric actuator (\subref{fig:detail_design_apa}) and the flexible joint (\subref{fig:detail_design_flexible_joint}).}
\end{figure}
\subsubsection{Piezoelectric Amplified Actuators}

APA: modification for better mounting
\subsubsection{Encoder support}

All other parts are made of aluminum.
\section{Plates}

Plates: X30Cr13
\begin{itemize}
\item high hardness to not deform
\end{itemize}


\begin{itemize}
\item Maximize frequency of flexible modes (show FEM)
\item Good tolerances for interfaces with flexible joints
Positioning of \texttt{bi} and orientation \texttt{si}
\end{itemize}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1,scale=1]{figs/detail_design_top_plate.png}
\caption{\label{fig:detail_design_top_plate}The mechanical design for the top platform incorporates precisely positioned V-grooves for the joint interfaces (displayed in red). The purpose of the encoder interface (shown in green) is detailed later.}
\end{figure}

The cylindrical component is located (or constrained) within the V-groove via two distinct line contacts.

\begin{figure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.33\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=1,width=0.99\linewidth]{figs/detail_design_fixation_flexible_joints.png}
\end{center}
\subcaption{\label{fig:detail_design_fixation_flexible_joints}Flexible Joint Clamping}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.33\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=1,width=0.99\linewidth]{figs/detail_design_location_top_flexible_joints.png}
\end{center}
\subcaption{\label{fig:detail_design_location_top_flexible_joints}Top positioning}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.33\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=1,width=0.99\linewidth]{figs/detail_design_location_bot_flex.png}
\end{center}
\subcaption{\label{fig:detail_design_location_bot_flex}Bottom Positioning}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{\label{fig:detail_design_fixation_flexible_joints}Fixation of the flexible points to the nano-hexapod plates. Both top and bottom flexible joints are clamped to the plates as shown in (\subref{fig:detail_design_fixation_flexible_joints}). While the top flexible joint is in contact with the top plate for precise positioning of its center of rotation (\subref{fig:detail_design_location_top_flexible_joints}), the bottom joint is just oriented (\subref{fig:detail_design_location_bot_flex}).}
\end{figure}
\section{Finite Element Analysis}


\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1,width=0.9\linewidth]{figs/detail_design_enc_struts.jpg}
\caption{\label{fig:detail_design_enc_struts}Obtained Nano-Hexapod design}
\end{figure}

\begin{itemize}
\item FEM of complete system
\item Show modes of the struts
\end{itemize}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{subfigure}{0.33\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=1,width=0.9\linewidth]{figs/detail_design_fem_rigid_body_mode.jpg}
\end{center}
\subcaption{\label{fig:detail_design_fem_rigid_body_mode}Suspension modes}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.33\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=1,width=0.9\linewidth]{figs/detail_design_fem_strut_mode.jpg}
\end{center}
\subcaption{\label{fig:detail_design_fem_strut_mode}Strut - Local modes}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.33\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=1,width=0.9\linewidth]{figs/detail_design_fem_plate_mode.jpg}
\end{center}
\subcaption{\label{fig:detail_design_fem_plate_mode}Top plate modes}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{\label{fig:detail_design_fem_nano_hexapod}Measurement of strut flexible modes. First six modes are ``suspension'' modes in which the top plate behaves as a rigid body (\subref{fig:detail_design_fem_rigid_body_mode}). Then modes of the struts have natural frequencies from \(205\,\text{Hz}\) to \(420\,\text{Hz}\) (\subref{fig:detail_design_fem_strut_mode}). Finally, the first flexible mode of the top plate is at \(650\,\text{Hz}\) (\subref{fig:detail_design_fem_plate_mode})}
\end{figure}
\section{Obtained Design}

\begin{itemize}
\item Alternative encoder position: on the plates
\item Support made of aluminum
\end{itemize}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{subfigure}{0.59\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=1,height=5cm]{figs/detail_design_enc_plates.jpg}
\end{center}
\subcaption{\label{fig:detail_design_enc_plates}Nano-Hexapod with encoders fixed to the plates}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.39\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=1,height=5cm]{figs/detail_design_encoders_plates.jpg}
\end{center}
\subcaption{\label{fig:detail_design_encoders_plates}Zoom on encoder fixation}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{\label{fig:detail_design_enc_plates_design}Alternative way of using the encoders: they are fixed directly to the plates.}
\end{figure}


\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1]{figs/detail_design_fem_encoder_fix.png}
\caption{\label{fig:detail_design_fem_encoder_fix}Finite Element Analysis of the encoder supports. Encoder inertia was taken into account.}
\end{figure}
\chapter{Multi-Body Model}
\label{sec:detail_design_model}

\textbf{Multi body Model}:
\begin{itemize}
\item Complete model: two plates, 6 joints, 6 actuators, 6 encoders
\item Joint Model
\item APA Model
\item Encoder model
\item Say that obtained dynamics was considered good + possible to perform simulations of tomography experiments with same performance as during the conceptual design
\end{itemize}

Two configurations:
\begin{itemize}
\item Encoders fixed to the struts
\item Encoders fixed to the plates
\end{itemize}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=1,width=0.95\linewidth]{figs/detail_design_simscape_encoder_struts.png}
\end{center}
\subcaption{\label{fig:detail_design_simscape_encoder_struts}Encoders fixed to the struts}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=1,width=0.95\linewidth]{figs/detail_design_simscape_encoder_plates.png}
\end{center}
\subcaption{\label{fig:detail_design_simscape_encoder_plates}Encoders fixed to the plates}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{\label{fig:detail_design_simscape_encoder}3D representation of the multi-body model. There are two configurations: encoders fixed to the struts (\subref{fig:detail_design_simscape_encoder_struts}) and encoders fixed to the plates (\subref{fig:detail_design_simscape_encoder_plates}).}
\end{figure}
\section{Flexible Joints}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1,scale=1]{figs/detail_design_simscape_model_flexible_joint.png}
\caption{\label{fig:detail_design_simscape_model_flexible_joint}Multi-Body (using the Simscape software) model of the flexible joints. A 4-DoFs model is shown.}
\end{figure}
\section{Amplified Piezoelectric Actuators}



\section{Encoders}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=1,scale=1]{figs/detail_design_simscape_encoder.png}
\end{center}
\subcaption{\label{fig:detail_design_simscape_encoder}Aligned encoder and ruler}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.49\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=1,scale=1]{figs/detail_design_simscape_encoder_disp.png}
\end{center}
\subcaption{\label{fig:detail_design_simscape_encoder_disp}Rotation of the encoder head}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{\label{fig:detail_design_simscape_encoder_model}Representation of the encoder model in the multi-body model. Measurement \(d_i\) corresponds to the \(x\) position of the encoder frame \(\{E\}\) expresssed in the ruller frame \(\{R\}\) (\subref{fig:detail_design_simscape_encoder}). A rotation of the encoder therefore induces a measured displacement (\subref{fig:detail_design_simscape_encoder_disp}).}
\end{figure}
\chapter{Conclusion}
\label{sec:detail_design_conclusion}
\printbibliography[heading=bibintoc,title={Bibliography}]
\end{document}