Subsystems used for the Simscape Models

1. Simscape Configuration
2. Logging Configuration
3. Ground
4. Granite
5. Translation Stage
6. Tilt Stage
7. Spindle
8. Micro Hexapod
9. Center of gravity compensation
10. Mirror
11. Nano Hexapod
12. Sample
13. Initialize Controller
14. Generate Reference Signals
15. Initialize Disturbances
16. Initialize Position Errors
17. Z-Axis Geophone
18. Z-Axis Accelerometer

The full Simscape Model is represented in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Screenshot of the Multi-Body Model representation

This model is divided into multiple subsystems that are independent. These subsystems are saved in separate files and imported in the main file using a block balled “subsystem reference”.

Each stage is configured (geometry, mass properties, dynamic properties …) using one function.

These functions are defined below.

1 Simscape Configuration

Function description

function [] = initializeSimscapeConfiguration(args)

Optional Parameters

arguments
  args.gravity logical {mustBeNumericOrLogical} = true
end

Structure initialization

conf_simscape = struct();

Add Type

if args.gravity
  conf_simscape.type = 1;
else
  conf_simscape.type = 2;
end

Save the Structure

save('./mat/conf_simscape.mat', 'conf_simscape');

2 Logging Configuration

Function description

function [] = initializeLoggingConfiguration(args)

Optional Parameters

arguments
  args.log      char   {mustBeMember(args.log,{'none', 'all', 'forces'})} = 'none'
  args.Ts (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 1e-3
end

Structure initialization

conf_log = struct();

Add Type

switch args.log
  case 'none'
    conf_log.type = 0;
  case 'all'
    conf_log.type = 1;
  case 'forces'
    conf_log.type = 2;
end

Sampling Time

conf_log.Ts = args.Ts;

Save the Structure

save('./mat/conf_log.mat', 'conf_log');

3 Ground

Simscape Model

The model of the Ground is composed of:

A Cartesian joint that is used to simulation the ground motion
A solid that represents the ground on which the granite is located

Figure 2: Simscape model for the Ground

Figure 3: Simscape picture for the Ground

Function description

function [ground] = initializeGround(args)

Optional Parameters

arguments
  args.type char {mustBeMember(args.type,{'none', 'rigid'})} = 'rigid'
  args.rot_point (3,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = zeros(3,1) % Rotation point for the ground motion [m]
end

Structure initialization

First, we initialize the granite structure.

ground = struct();

Add Type

switch args.type
  case 'none'
    ground.type = 0;
  case 'rigid'
    ground.type = 1;
end

Ground Solid properties

We set the shape and density of the ground solid element.

ground.shape   = [2, 2, 0.5]; % [m]
ground.density = 2800;        % [kg/m3]

Rotation Point

ground.rot_point = args.rot_point;

Save the Structure

The ground structure is saved.

save('./mat/stages.mat', 'ground', '-append');

4 Granite

Simscape Model

The Simscape model of the granite is composed of:

A cartesian joint such that the granite can vibrations along x, y and z axis
A solid

The output sample_pos corresponds to the impact point of the X-ray.

Figure 4: Simscape model for the Granite

Figure 5: Simscape picture for the Granite

Function description

function [granite] = initializeGranite(args)

Optional Parameters

arguments
  args.type          char    {mustBeMember(args.type,{'rigid', 'flexible', 'none', 'modal-analysis', 'init'})} = 'flexible'
  args.Foffset       logical {mustBeNumericOrLogical} = true
  args.density (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBeNonnegative} = 2800 % Density [kg/m3]
  args.x0 (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = 0 % Rest position of the Joint in the X direction [m]
  args.y0 (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = 0 % Rest position of the Joint in the Y direction [m]
  args.z0 (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = 0 % Rest position of the Joint in the Z direction [m]
end

Structure initialization

First, we initialize the granite structure.

granite = struct();

Add Granite Type

switch args.type
  case 'none'
    granite.type = 0;
  case 'rigid'
    granite.type = 1;
  case 'flexible'
    granite.type = 2;
  case 'modal-analysis'
    granite.type = 3;
  case 'init'
    granite.type = 4;
end

Material and Geometry

Properties of the Material and link to the geometry of the granite.

granite.density = args.density; % [kg/m3]
granite.STEP    = './STEPS/granite/granite.STEP';

Z-offset for the initial position of the sample with respect to the granite top surface.

granite.sample_pos = 0.8; % [m]

Stiffness and Damping properties

granite.K = [4e9; 3e8; 8e8]; % [N/m]
granite.C = [4.0e5; 1.1e5; 9.0e5]; % [N/(m/s)]

Equilibrium position of the each joint.

if args.Foffset && ~strcmp(args.type, 'none') && ~strcmp(args.type, 'rigid') && ~strcmp(args.type, 'init')
  load('mat/Foffset.mat', 'Fgm');
  granite.Deq = -Fgm'./granite.K;
else
  granite.Deq = zeros(6,1);
end

Save the Structure

The granite structure is saved.

save('./mat/stages.mat', 'granite', '-append');

5 Translation Stage

Simscape Model

The Simscape model of the Translation stage consist of:

One rigid body for the fixed part of the translation stage
One rigid body for the moving part of the translation stage
Four 6-DOF Joints that only have some rigidity in the X and Z directions. The rigidity in rotation comes from the fact that we use multiple joints that are located at different points
One 6-DOF joint that represent the Actuator. It is used to impose the motion in the Y direction
One 6-DOF joint to inject force disturbance in the X and Z directions

Figure 6: Simscape model for the Translation Stage

Figure 7: Simscape picture for the Translation Stage

Function description

function [ty] = initializeTy(args)

Optional Parameters

arguments
  args.type      char   {mustBeMember(args.type,{'none', 'rigid', 'flexible', 'modal-analysis', 'init'})} = 'flexible'
  args.Foffset logical {mustBeNumericOrLogical} = true
end

Structure initialization

First, we initialize the ty structure.

ty = struct();

Add Translation Stage Type

switch args.type
  case 'none'
    ty.type = 0;
  case 'rigid'
    ty.type = 1;
  case 'flexible'
    ty.type = 2;
  case 'modal-analysis'
    ty.type = 3;
  case 'init'
    ty.type = 4;
end

Material and Geometry

Define the density of the materials as well as the geometry (STEP files).

% Ty Granite frame
ty.granite_frame.density = 7800; % [kg/m3] => 43kg
ty.granite_frame.STEP    = './STEPS/Ty/Ty_Granite_Frame.STEP';

% Guide Translation Ty
ty.guide.density         = 7800; % [kg/m3] => 76kg
ty.guide.STEP            = './STEPS/ty/Ty_Guide.STEP';

% Ty - Guide_Translation12
ty.guide12.density       = 7800; % [kg/m3]
ty.guide12.STEP          = './STEPS/Ty/Ty_Guide_12.STEP';

% Ty - Guide_Translation11
ty.guide11.density       = 7800; % [kg/m3]
ty.guide11.STEP          = './STEPS/ty/Ty_Guide_11.STEP';

% Ty - Guide_Translation22
ty.guide22.density       = 7800; % [kg/m3]
ty.guide22.STEP          = './STEPS/ty/Ty_Guide_22.STEP';

% Ty - Guide_Translation21
ty.guide21.density       = 7800; % [kg/m3]
ty.guide21.STEP          = './STEPS/Ty/Ty_Guide_21.STEP';

% Ty - Plateau translation
ty.frame.density         = 7800; % [kg/m3]
ty.frame.STEP            = './STEPS/ty/Ty_Stage.STEP';

% Ty Stator Part
ty.stator.density        = 5400; % [kg/m3]
ty.stator.STEP           = './STEPS/ty/Ty_Motor_Stator.STEP';

% Ty Rotor Part
ty.rotor.density         = 5400; % [kg/m3]
ty.rotor.STEP            = './STEPS/ty/Ty_Motor_Rotor.STEP';

Stiffness and Damping properties

ty.K = [2e8; 1e8; 2e8; 6e7; 9e7; 6e7]; % [N/m, N*m/rad]
ty.C = [8e4; 5e4; 8e4; 2e4; 3e4; 2e4]; % [N/(m/s), N*m/(rad/s)]

Equilibrium position of the each joint.

if args.Foffset && ~strcmp(args.type, 'none') && ~strcmp(args.type, 'rigid') && ~strcmp(args.type, 'init')
  load('mat/Foffset.mat', 'Ftym');
  ty.Deq = -Ftym'./ty.K;
else
  ty.Deq = zeros(6,1);
end

Save the Structure

The ty structure is saved.

save('./mat/stages.mat', 'ty', '-append');

6 Tilt Stage

Simscape Model

The Simscape model of the Tilt stage is composed of:

Two solid bodies for the two part of the stage
Four 6-DOF joints to model the flexibility of the stage. These joints are virtually located along the rotation axis and are connecting the two solid bodies. These joints have some translation stiffness in the u-v-w directions aligned with the joint. The stiffness in rotation between the two solids is due to the fact that the 4 joints are connecting the two solids are different locations
A Bushing Joint used for the Actuator. The Ry motion is imposed by the input.

Figure 8: Simscape model for the Tilt Stage

Figure 9: Simscape picture for the Tilt Stage

Function description

function [ry] = initializeRy(args)

Optional Parameters

arguments
  args.type          char    {mustBeMember(args.type,{'none', 'rigid', 'flexible', 'modal-analysis', 'init'})} = 'flexible'
  args.Foffset       logical {mustBeNumericOrLogical} = true
  args.Ry_init (1,1) double  {mustBeNumeric} = 0
end

Structure initialization

First, we initialize the ry structure.

ry = struct();

Add Tilt Type

switch args.type
  case 'none'
    ry.type = 0;
  case 'rigid'
    ry.type = 1;
  case 'flexible'
    ry.type = 2;
  case 'modal-analysis'
    ry.type = 3;
  case 'init'
    ry.type = 4;
end

Material and Geometry

Properties of the Material and link to the geometry of the Tilt stage.

% Ry - Guide for the tilt stage
ry.guide.density = 7800; % [kg/m3]
ry.guide.STEP    = './STEPS/ry/Tilt_Guide.STEP';

% Ry - Rotor of the motor
ry.rotor.density = 2400; % [kg/m3]
ry.rotor.STEP    = './STEPS/ry/Tilt_Motor_Axis.STEP';

% Ry - Motor
ry.motor.density = 3200; % [kg/m3]
ry.motor.STEP    = './STEPS/ry/Tilt_Motor.STEP';

% Ry - Plateau Tilt
ry.stage.density = 7800; % [kg/m3]
ry.stage.STEP    = './STEPS/ry/Tilt_Stage.STEP';

Z-Offset so that the center of rotation matches the sample center;

ry.z_offset = 0.58178; % [m]

ry.Ry_init = args.Ry_init; % [rad]

Stiffness and Damping properties

ry.K = [3.8e8; 4e8; 3.8e8; 1.2e8; 6e4; 1.2e8];
ry.C = [1e5;   1e5; 1e5;   3e4;   1e3; 3e4];

Equilibrium position of the each joint.

if args.Foffset && ~strcmp(args.type, 'none') && ~strcmp(args.type, 'rigid') && ~strcmp(args.type, 'init')
  load('mat/Foffset.mat', 'Fym');
  ry.Deq = -Fym'./ry.K;
else
  ry.Deq = zeros(6,1);
end

Save the Structure

The ry structure is saved.

save('./mat/stages.mat', 'ry', '-append');

7 Spindle

Simscape Model

The Simscape model of the Spindle is composed of:

Two rigid bodies: the stator and the rotor
A Bushing Joint that is used both as the actuator (the Rz motion is imposed by the input) and as the force perturbation in the Z direction.
The Bushing joint has some flexibility in the X-Y-Z directions as well as in Rx and Ry rotations

Figure 10: Simscape model for the Spindle

Figure 11: Simscape picture for the Spindle

Function description

function [rz] = initializeRz(args)

Optional Parameters

arguments
  args.type    char    {mustBeMember(args.type,{'none', 'rigid', 'flexible', 'modal-analysis', 'init'})} = 'flexible'
  args.Foffset logical {mustBeNumericOrLogical} = true
end

Structure initialization

First, we initialize the rz structure.

rz = struct();

Add Spindle Type

switch args.type
  case 'none'
    rz.type = 0;
  case 'rigid'
    rz.type = 1;
  case 'flexible'
    rz.type = 2;
  case 'modal-analysis'
    rz.type = 3;
  case 'init'
    rz.type = 4;
end

Material and Geometry

Properties of the Material and link to the geometry of the spindle.

% Spindle - Slip Ring
rz.slipring.density = 7800; % [kg/m3]
rz.slipring.STEP    = './STEPS/rz/Spindle_Slip_Ring.STEP';

% Spindle - Rotor
rz.rotor.density    = 7800; % [kg/m3]
rz.rotor.STEP       = './STEPS/rz/Spindle_Rotor.STEP';

% Spindle - Stator
rz.stator.density   = 7800; % [kg/m3]
rz.stator.STEP      = './STEPS/rz/Spindle_Stator.STEP';

Stiffness and Damping properties

rz.K = [7e8; 7e8; 2e9; 1e7; 1e7; 1e7];
rz.C = [4e4; 4e4; 7e4; 1e4; 1e4; 1e4];

Equilibrium position of the each joint.

if args.Foffset && ~strcmp(args.type, 'none') && ~strcmp(args.type, 'rigid') && ~strcmp(args.type, 'init')
  load('mat/Foffset.mat', 'Fzm');
  rz.Deq = -Fzm'./rz.K;
else
  rz.Deq = zeros(6,1);
end

Save the Structure

The rz structure is saved.

save('./mat/stages.mat', 'rz', '-append');

8 Micro Hexapod

Simscape Model

Figure 12: Simscape model for the Micro-Hexapod

Figure 13: Simscape picture for the Micro-Hexapod

Function description

function [micro_hexapod] = initializeMicroHexapod(args)

Optional Parameters

arguments
    args.type      char   {mustBeMember(args.type,{'none', 'rigid', 'flexible', 'modal-analysis', 'init'})} = 'flexible'
    % initializeFramesPositions
    args.H    (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 350e-3
    args.MO_B (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = 270e-3
    % generateGeneralConfiguration
    args.FH  (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 50e-3
    args.FR  (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 175.5e-3
    args.FTh (6,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = [-10, 10, 120-10, 120+10, 240-10, 240+10]*(pi/180)
    args.MH  (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 45e-3
    args.MR  (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 118e-3
    args.MTh (6,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = [-60+10, 60-10, 60+10, 180-10, 180+10, -60-10]*(pi/180)
    % initializeStrutDynamics
    args.Ki (6,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBeNonnegative} = 2e7*ones(6,1)
    args.Ci (6,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBeNonnegative} = 1.4e3*ones(6,1)
    % initializeCylindricalPlatforms
    args.Fpm (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 10
    args.Fph (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 26e-3
    args.Fpr (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 207.5e-3
    args.Mpm (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 10
    args.Mph (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 26e-3
    args.Mpr (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 150e-3
    % initializeCylindricalStruts
    args.Fsm (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 1
    args.Fsh (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 100e-3
    args.Fsr (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 25e-3
    args.Msm (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 1
    args.Msh (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 100e-3
    args.Msr (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 25e-3
    % inverseKinematics
    args.AP  (3,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = zeros(3,1)
    args.ARB (3,3) double {mustBeNumeric} = eye(3)
    % Force that stiffness of each joint should apply at t=0
    args.Foffset      logical {mustBeNumericOrLogical} = true
end

Function content

micro_hexapod = initializeFramesPositions('H', args.H, 'MO_B', args.MO_B);
micro_hexapod = generateGeneralConfiguration(micro_hexapod, 'FH', args.FH, 'FR', args.FR, 'FTh', args.FTh, 'MH', args.MH, 'MR', args.MR, 'MTh', args.MTh);
micro_hexapod = computeJointsPose(micro_hexapod);
micro_hexapod = initializeStrutDynamics(micro_hexapod, 'Ki', args.Ki, 'Ci', args.Ci);
micro_hexapod = initializeCylindricalPlatforms(micro_hexapod, 'Fpm', args.Fpm, 'Fph', args.Fph, 'Fpr', args.Fpr, 'Mpm', args.Mpm, 'Mph', args.Mph, 'Mpr', args.Mpr);
micro_hexapod = initializeCylindricalStruts(micro_hexapod, 'Fsm', args.Fsm, 'Fsh', args.Fsh, 'Fsr', args.Fsr, 'Msm', args.Msm, 'Msh', args.Msh, 'Msr', args.Msr);
micro_hexapod = computeJacobian(micro_hexapod);
[Li, dLi] = inverseKinematics(micro_hexapod, 'AP', args.AP, 'ARB', args.ARB);
micro_hexapod.Li = Li;
micro_hexapod.dLi = dLi;

Equilibrium position of the each joint.

if args.Foffset && ~strcmp(args.type, 'none') && ~strcmp(args.type, 'rigid') && ~strcmp(args.type, 'init')
  load('mat/Foffset.mat', 'Fhm');
  micro_hexapod.dLeq = -Fhm'./args.Ki;
else
  micro_hexapod.dLeq = zeros(6,1);
end

Add Type

switch args.type
  case 'none'
    micro_hexapod.type = 0;
  case 'rigid'
    micro_hexapod.type = 1;
  case 'flexible'
    micro_hexapod.type = 2;
  case 'modal-analysis'
    micro_hexapod.type = 3;
  case 'init'
    micro_hexapod.type = 4;
end

Save the Structure

The micro_hexapod structure is saved.

save('./mat/stages.mat', 'micro_hexapod', '-append');

9 Center of gravity compensation

Simscape Model

The Simscape model of the Center of gravity compensator is composed of:

One main solid that is connected to two other solids (the masses to position of center of mass) through two revolute joints
The angle of both revolute joints is set by the input

Figure 14: Simscape model for the Center of Mass compensation system

Figure 15: Simscape picture for the Center of Mass compensation system

Function description

function [axisc] = initializeAxisc(args)

Optional Parameters

arguments
  args.type char {mustBeMember(args.type,{'none', 'rigid', 'flexible'})} = 'flexible'
end

Structure initialization

First, we initialize the axisc structure.

axisc = struct();

Add Type

switch args.type
  case 'none'
    axisc.type = 0;
  case 'rigid'
    axisc.type = 1;
  case 'flexible'
    axisc.type = 2;
end

Material and Geometry

Properties of the Material and link to the geometry files.

% Structure
axisc.structure.density = 3400; % [kg/m3]
axisc.structure.STEP    = './STEPS/axisc/axisc_structure.STEP';

% Wheel
axisc.wheel.density     = 2700; % [kg/m3]
axisc.wheel.STEP        = './STEPS/axisc/axisc_wheel.STEP';

% Mass
axisc.mass.density      = 7800; % [kg/m3]
axisc.mass.STEP         = './STEPS/axisc/axisc_mass.STEP';

% Gear
axisc.gear.density      = 7800; % [kg/m3]
axisc.gear.STEP         = './STEPS/axisc/axisc_gear.STEP';

Save the Structure

The axisc structure is saved.

save('./mat/stages.mat', 'axisc', '-append');

10 Mirror

Simscape Model

The Simscape Model of the mirror is just a solid body. The output mirror_center corresponds to the center of the Sphere and is the point of measurement for the metrology

Figure 16: Simscape model for the Mirror

Figure 17: Simscape picture for the Mirror

Function description

function [] = initializeMirror(args)

Optional Parameters

arguments
  args.type        char   {mustBeMember(args.type,{'none', 'rigid'})} = 'rigid'
  args.shape       char   {mustBeMember(args.shape,{'spherical', 'conical'})} = 'spherical'
  args.angle (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 45 % [deg]
end

Structure initialization

First, we initialize the mirror structure.

mirror = struct();

Add Mirror Type

switch args.type
  case 'none'
    mirror.type = 0;
  case 'rigid'
    mirror.type = 1;
end

Material and Geometry

We define the geometrical values.

mirror.h = 0.05; % Height of the mirror [m]

mirror.thickness = 0.025; % Thickness of the plate supporting the sample [m]

mirror.hole_rad = 0.120; % radius of the hole in the mirror [m]

mirror.support_rad = 0.1; % radius of the support plate [m]

% point of interest offset in z (above the top surfave) [m]
switch args.type
  case 'none'
    mirror.jacobian = 0.20;
  case 'rigid'
    mirror.jacobian = 0.20 - mirror.h;
end

mirror.rad = 0.180; % radius of the mirror (at the bottom surface) [m]

mirror.density = 2400; % Density of the material [kg/m3]

mirror.cone_length = mirror.rad*tand(args.angle)+mirror.h+mirror.jacobian; % Distance from Apex point of the cone to jacobian point

Now we define the Shape of the mirror. We first start with the internal part.

mirror.shape = [...
    0 mirror.h-mirror.thickness
    mirror.hole_rad mirror.h-mirror.thickness; ...
    mirror.hole_rad 0; ...
    mirror.rad 0 ...
];

Then, we define the reflective used part of the mirror.

if strcmp(args.shape, 'spherical')
    mirror.sphere_radius = sqrt((mirror.jacobian+mirror.h)^2+mirror.rad^2); % Radius of the sphere [mm]

    for z = linspace(0, mirror.h, 101)
        mirror.shape = [mirror.shape; sqrt(mirror.sphere_radius^2-(z-mirror.jacobian-mirror.h)^2) z];
    end
elseif strcmp(args.shape, 'conical')
    mirror.shape = [mirror.shape; mirror.rad+mirror.h/tand(args.angle) mirror.h];
else
    error('Shape should be either conical or spherical');
end

Finally, we close the shape.

mirror.shape = [mirror.shape; 0 mirror.h];

Save the Structure

The mirror structure is saved.

save('./mat/stages.mat', 'mirror', '-append');

11 Nano Hexapod

Simscape Model

Figure 18: Simscape model for the Nano Hexapod

Figure 19: Simscape picture for the Nano Hexapod

Function description

function [nano_hexapod] = initializeNanoHexapod(args)

Optional Parameters

arguments
    args.type      char   {mustBeMember(args.type,{'none', 'rigid', 'flexible'})} = 'flexible'
    % initializeFramesPositions
    args.H    (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 90e-3
    args.MO_B (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = 175e-3
    % generateGeneralConfiguration
    args.FH  (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 15e-3
    args.FR  (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 100e-3
    args.FTh (6,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = [-10, 10, 120-10, 120+10, 240-10, 240+10]*(pi/180)
    args.MH  (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 15e-3
    args.MR  (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 90e-3
    args.MTh (6,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = [-60+10, 60-10, 60+10, 180-10, 180+10, -60-10]*(pi/180)
    % initializeStrutDynamics
    args.actuator  char   {mustBeMember(args.actuator,{'piezo', 'lorentz'})} = 'piezo'
    % initializeCylindricalPlatforms
    args.Fpm (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 1
    args.Fph (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 10e-3
    args.Fpr (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 150e-3
    args.Mpm (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 1
    args.Mph (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 10e-3
    args.Mpr (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 100e-3
    % initializeCylindricalStruts
    args.Fsm (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 0.1
    args.Fsh (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 50e-3
    args.Fsr (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 5e-3
    args.Msm (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 0.1
    args.Msh (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 50e-3
    args.Msr (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 5e-3
    % inverseKinematics
    args.AP  (3,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = zeros(3,1)
    args.ARB (3,3) double {mustBeNumeric} = eye(3)
    % Equilibrium position of each leg
    args.dLeq (6,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = zeros(6,1)
end

Function content

nano_hexapod = initializeFramesPositions('H', args.H, 'MO_B', args.MO_B);
nano_hexapod = generateGeneralConfiguration(nano_hexapod, 'FH', args.FH, 'FR', args.FR, 'FTh', args.FTh, 'MH', args.MH, 'MR', args.MR, 'MTh', args.MTh);
nano_hexapod = computeJointsPose(nano_hexapod);
if strcmp(args.actuator, 'piezo')
    nano_hexapod = initializeStrutDynamics(nano_hexapod, 'Ki', 1e7*ones(6,1), 'Ci', 1e2*ones(6,1));
elseif strcmp(args.actuator, 'lorentz')
    nano_hexapod = initializeStrutDynamics(nano_hexapod, 'Ki', 1e4*ones(6,1), 'Ci', 1e2*ones(6,1));
else
    error('args.actuator should be piezo or lorentz');
end
nano_hexapod = initializeCylindricalPlatforms(nano_hexapod, 'Fpm', args.Fpm, 'Fph', args.Fph, 'Fpr', args.Fpr, 'Mpm', args.Mpm, 'Mph', args.Mph, 'Mpr', args.Mpr);
nano_hexapod = initializeCylindricalStruts(nano_hexapod, 'Fsm', args.Fsm, 'Fsh', args.Fsh, 'Fsr', args.Fsr, 'Msm', args.Msm, 'Msh', args.Msh, 'Msr', args.Msr);
nano_hexapod = computeJacobian(nano_hexapod);
[Li, dLi] = inverseKinematics(nano_hexapod, 'AP', args.AP, 'ARB', args.ARB);
nano_hexapod.Li = Li;
nano_hexapod.dLi = dLi;

nano_hexapod.dLeq = args.dLeq;

Add Type

switch args.type
  case 'none'
    nano_hexapod.type = 0;
  case 'rigid'
    nano_hexapod.type = 1;
  case 'flexible'
    nano_hexapod.type = 2;
end

Save the Structure

save('./mat/stages.mat', 'nano_hexapod', '-append');

12 Sample

Simscape Model

The Simscape model of the sample environment is composed of:

A rigid transform that can be used to translate the sample (position offset)
A cartesian joint to add some flexibility to the sample environment mount
A solid that represent the sample
An input is added to apply some external forces and torques at the center of the sample environment. This could be the case for cable forces for instance.

Figure 20: Simscape model for the Sample

Figure 21: Simscape picture for the Sample

Function description

function [sample] = initializeSample(args)

Optional Parameters

arguments
  args.type         char    {mustBeMember(args.type,{'rigid', 'flexible', 'none', 'init'})} = 'flexible'
  args.radius (1,1) double  {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 0.1 % [m]
  args.height (1,1) double  {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 0.3 % [m]
  args.mass   (1,1) double  {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 50 % [kg]
  args.freq   (1,1) double  {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 100 % [Hz]
  args.offset (1,1) double  {mustBeNumeric} = 0 % [m]
  args.Foffset      logical {mustBeNumericOrLogical} = true
end

Structure initialization

First, we initialize the sample structure.

sample = struct();

Add Sample Type

switch args.type
  case 'none'
    sample.type = 0;
  case 'rigid'
    sample.type = 1;
  case 'flexible'
    sample.type = 2;
  case 'init'
    sample.type = 3;
end

Material and Geometry

We define the geometrical parameters of the sample as well as its mass and position.

sample.radius = args.radius; % [m]
sample.height = args.height; % [m]
sample.mass   = args.mass; % [kg]
sample.offset = args.offset; % [m]

Stiffness and Damping properties

sample.K = ones(3,1) * sample.mass * (2*pi * args.freq)^2; % [N/m]
sample.C = 0.1 * sqrt(sample.K*sample.mass); % [N/(m/s)]

Equilibrium position of the each joint.

if args.Foffset && ~strcmp(args.type, 'none') && ~strcmp(args.type, 'rigid') && ~strcmp(args.type, 'init')
  load('mat/Foffset.mat', 'Fsm');
  sample.Deq = -Fsm'./sample.K;
else
  sample.Deq = zeros(3,1);
end

Save the Structure

The sample structure is saved.

save('./mat/stages.mat', 'sample', '-append');

13 Initialize Controller

Function Declaration and Documentation

function [] = initializeController(args)

Optional Parameters

arguments
  args.type char {mustBeMember(args.type,{'open-loop', 'iff', 'dvf', 'hac-dvf'})} = 'open-loop'
  args.K (6,6) = ss(zeros(6, 6))
end

Structure initialization

First, we initialize the controller structure.

controller = struct();

Controller Type

switch args.type
  case 'open-loop'
    controller.type = 1;
  case 'dvf'
    controller.type = 2;
  case 'iff'
    controller.type = 3;
  case 'hac-dvf'
    controller.type = 4;
end

Control Law

controller.K = args.K;

Save the Structure

The controller structure is saved.

save('./mat/controller.mat', 'controller');

14 Generate Reference Signals

Function Declaration and Documentation

function [ref] = initializeReferences(args)

Optional Parameters

arguments
    % Sampling Frequency [s]
    args.Ts           (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 1e-3
    % Maximum simulation time [s]
    args.Tmax         (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 100
    % Either "constant" / "triangular" / "sinusoidal"
    args.Dy_type      char {mustBeMember(args.Dy_type,{'constant', 'triangular', 'sinusoidal'})} = 'constant'
    % Amplitude of the displacement [m]
    args.Dy_amplitude (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = 0
    % Period of the displacement [s]
    args.Dy_period    (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 1
    % Either "constant" / "triangular" / "sinusoidal"
    args.Ry_type      char {mustBeMember(args.Ry_type,{'constant', 'triangular', 'sinusoidal'})} = 'constant'
    % Amplitude [rad]
    args.Ry_amplitude (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = 0
    % Period of the displacement [s]
    args.Ry_period    (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 1
    % Either "constant" / "rotating"
    args.Rz_type      char {mustBeMember(args.Rz_type,{'constant', 'rotating'})} = 'constant'
    % Initial angle [rad]
    args.Rz_amplitude (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = 0
    % Period of the rotating [s]
    args.Rz_period    (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 1
    % For now, only constant is implemented
    args.Dh_type      char {mustBeMember(args.Dh_type,{'constant'})} = 'constant'
    % Initial position [m,m,m,rad,rad,rad] of the top platform (Pitch-Roll-Yaw Euler angles)
    args.Dh_pos       (6,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = zeros(6, 1), ...
    % For now, only constant is implemented
    args.Rm_type      char {mustBeMember(args.Rm_type,{'constant'})} = 'constant'
    % Initial position of the two masses
    args.Rm_pos       (2,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = [0; pi]
    % For now, only constant is implemented
    args.Dn_type      char {mustBeMember(args.Dn_type,{'constant'})} = 'constant'
    % Initial position [m,m,m,rad,rad,rad] of the top platform
    args.Dn_pos       (6,1) double {mustBeNumeric} = zeros(6,1)
end

Initialize Parameters

%% Set Sampling Time
Ts = args.Ts;
Tmax = args.Tmax;

%% Low Pass Filter to filter out the references
s = zpk('s');
w0 = 2*pi*10;
xi = 1;
H_lpf = 1/(1 + 2*xi/w0*s + s^2/w0^2);

Translation Stage

%% Translation stage - Dy
t = 0:Ts:Tmax; % Time Vector [s]
Dy   = zeros(length(t), 1);
Dyd  = zeros(length(t), 1);
Dydd = zeros(length(t), 1);
switch args.Dy_type
  case 'constant'
    Dy(:)   = args.Dy_amplitude;
    Dyd(:)  = 0;
    Dydd(:) = 0;
  case 'triangular'
    % This is done to unsure that we start with no displacement
    Dy_raw = args.Dy_amplitude*sawtooth(2*pi*t/args.Dy_period,1/2);
    i0 = find(t>=args.Dy_period/4,1);
    Dy(1:end-i0+1) = Dy_raw(i0:end);
    Dy(end-i0+2:end) = Dy_raw(end); % we fix the last value

    % The signal is filtered out
    Dy   = lsim(H_lpf,     Dy, t);
    Dyd  = lsim(H_lpf*s,   Dy, t);
    Dydd = lsim(H_lpf*s^2, Dy, t);
  case 'sinusoidal'
    Dy(:) = args.Dy_amplitude*sin(2*pi/args.Dy_period*t);
    Dyd   = args.Dy_amplitude*2*pi/args.Dy_period*cos(2*pi/args.Dy_period*t);
    Dydd  = -args.Dy_amplitude*(2*pi/args.Dy_period)^2*sin(2*pi/args.Dy_period*t);
  otherwise
    warning('Dy_type is not set correctly');
end

Dy = struct('time', t, 'signals', struct('values', Dy), 'deriv', Dyd, 'dderiv', Dydd);

Tilt Stage

%% Tilt Stage - Ry
t = 0:Ts:Tmax; % Time Vector [s]
Ry   = zeros(length(t), 1);
Ryd  = zeros(length(t), 1);
Rydd = zeros(length(t), 1);

switch args.Ry_type
  case 'constant'
    Ry(:) = args.Ry_amplitude;
    Ryd(:)   = 0;
    Rydd(:)  = 0;
  case 'triangular'
    Ry_raw = args.Ry_amplitude*sawtooth(2*pi*t/args.Ry_period,1/2);
    i0 = find(t>=args.Ry_period/4,1);
    Ry(1:end-i0+1) = Ry_raw(i0:end);
    Ry(end-i0+2:end) = Ry_raw(end); % we fix the last value

    % The signal is filtered out
    Ry   = lsim(H_lpf,     Ry, t);
    Ryd  = lsim(H_lpf*s,   Ry, t);
    Rydd = lsim(H_lpf*s^2, Ry, t);
  case 'sinusoidal'
    Ry(:) = args.Ry_amplitude*sin(2*pi/args.Ry_period*t);

    Ryd  = args.Ry_amplitude*2*pi/args.Ry_period*cos(2*pi/args.Ry_period*t);
    Rydd = -args.Ry_amplitude*(2*pi/args.Ry_period)^2*sin(2*pi/args.Ry_period*t);
  otherwise
    warning('Ry_type is not set correctly');
end

Ry = struct('time', t, 'signals', struct('values', Ry), 'deriv', Ryd, 'dderiv', Rydd);

Spindle

%% Spindle - Rz
t = 0:Ts:Tmax; % Time Vector [s]
Rz   = zeros(length(t), 1);
Rzd  = zeros(length(t), 1);
Rzdd = zeros(length(t), 1);

switch args.Rz_type
  case 'constant'
    Rz(:)   = args.Rz_amplitude;
    Rzd(:)  = 0;
    Rzdd(:) = 0;
  case 'rotating'
    Rz(:) = 2*pi/args.Rz_period*t;

    % The signal is filtered out
    Rz   = lsim(H_lpf,     Rz, t);
    Rzd  = lsim(H_lpf*s,   Rz, t);
    Rzdd = lsim(H_lpf*s^2, Rz, t);

    % We add the angle offset
    Rz = Rz + args.Rz_amplitude;
  otherwise
    warning('Rz_type is not set correctly');
end

Rz = struct('time', t, 'signals', struct('values', Rz), 'deriv', Rzd, 'dderiv', Rzdd);

Micro Hexapod

%% Micro-Hexapod
t = [0, Ts];
Dh = zeros(length(t), 6);
Dhl = zeros(length(t), 6);

switch args.Dh_type
  case 'constant'
    Dh = [args.Dh_pos, args.Dh_pos];

    load('mat/stages.mat', 'micro_hexapod');

    AP = [args.Dh_pos(1) ; args.Dh_pos(2) ; args.Dh_pos(3)];

    tx = args.Dh_pos(4);
    ty = args.Dh_pos(5);
    tz = args.Dh_pos(6);

    ARB = [cos(tz) -sin(tz) 0;
           sin(tz)  cos(tz) 0;
           0        0       1]*...
          [ cos(ty) 0 sin(ty);
            0       1 0;
           -sin(ty) 0 cos(ty)]*...
          [1 0        0;
           0 cos(tx) -sin(tx);
           0 sin(tx)  cos(tx)];

    [~, Dhl] = inverseKinematics(micro_hexapod, 'AP', AP, 'ARB', ARB);
    Dhl = [Dhl, Dhl];
  otherwise
    warning('Dh_type is not set correctly');
end

Dh = struct('time', t, 'signals', struct('values', Dh));
Dhl = struct('time', t, 'signals', struct('values', Dhl));

Axis Compensation

%% Axis Compensation - Rm
t = [0, Ts];

Rm = [args.Rm_pos, args.Rm_pos];
Rm = struct('time', t, 'signals', struct('values', Rm));

Nano Hexapod

%% Nano-Hexapod
t = [0, Ts];
Dn = zeros(length(t), 6);

switch args.Dn_type
  case 'constant'
    Dn = [args.Dn_pos, args.Dn_pos];

    load('mat/stages.mat', 'nano_hexapod');

    AP = [args.Dn_pos(1) ; args.Dn_pos(2) ; args.Dn_pos(3)];

    tx = args.Dn_pos(4);
    ty = args.Dn_pos(5);
    tz = args.Dn_pos(6);

    ARB = [cos(tz) -sin(tz) 0;
           sin(tz)  cos(tz) 0;
           0        0       1]*...
          [ cos(ty) 0 sin(ty);
            0       1 0;
           -sin(ty) 0 cos(ty)]*...
          [1 0        0;
           0 cos(tx) -sin(tx);
           0 sin(tx)  cos(tx)];

    [~, Dnl] = inverseKinematics(nano_hexapod, 'AP', AP, 'ARB', ARB);
    Dnl = [Dnl, Dnl];
  otherwise
    warning('Dn_type is not set correctly');
end

Dn = struct('time', t, 'signals', struct('values', Dn));
Dnl = struct('time', t, 'signals', struct('values', Dnl));

Save

    %% Save
    save('./mat/nass_references.mat', 'Dy', 'Ry', 'Rz', 'Dh', 'Dhl', 'Rm', 'Dn', 'Dnl', 'Ts');
end

15 Initialize Disturbances

Function Declaration and Documentation

function [] = initializeDisturbances(args)
% initializeDisturbances - Initialize the disturbances
%
% Syntax: [] = initializeDisturbances(args)
%
% Inputs:
%    - args -

Optional Parameters

arguments
    % Global parameter to enable or disable the disturbances
    args.enable logical {mustBeNumericOrLogical} = true
    % Ground Motion - X direction
    args.Dwx logical {mustBeNumericOrLogical} = true
    % Ground Motion - Y direction
    args.Dwy logical {mustBeNumericOrLogical} = true
    % Ground Motion - Z direction
    args.Dwz logical {mustBeNumericOrLogical} = true
    % Translation Stage - X direction
    args.Fty_x logical {mustBeNumericOrLogical} = true
    % Translation Stage - Z direction
    args.Fty_z logical {mustBeNumericOrLogical} = true
    % Spindle - Z direction
    args.Frz_z logical {mustBeNumericOrLogical} = true
end

Load Data

load('./mat/dist_psd.mat', 'dist_f');

We remove the first frequency point that usually is very large.

Parameters

We define some parameters that will be used in the algorithm.

Fs = 2*dist_f.f(end);      % Sampling Frequency of data is twice the maximum frequency of the PSD vector [Hz]
N  = 2*length(dist_f.f);   % Number of Samples match the one of the wanted PSD
T0 = N/Fs;                 % Signal Duration [s]
df = 1/T0;                 % Frequency resolution of the DFT [Hz]
                           % Also equal to (dist_f.f(2)-dist_f.f(1))
t = linspace(0, T0, N+1)'; % Time Vector [s]
Ts = 1/Fs;                 % Sampling Time [s]

Ground Motion

phi = dist_f.psd_gm;
C = zeros(N/2,1);
for i = 1:N/2
  C(i) = sqrt(phi(i)*df);
end

if args.Dwx && args.enable
  rng(111);
  theta = 2*pi*rand(N/2,1); % Generate random phase [rad]
  Cx = [0 ; C.*complex(cos(theta),sin(theta))];
  Cx = [Cx; flipud(conj(Cx(2:end)))];;
  Dwx = N/sqrt(2)*ifft(Cx); % Ground Motion - x direction [m]
else
  Dwx = zeros(length(t), 1);
end

if args.Dwy && args.enable
  rng(112);
  theta = 2*pi*rand(N/2,1); % Generate random phase [rad]
  Cx = [0 ; C.*complex(cos(theta),sin(theta))];
  Cx = [Cx; flipud(conj(Cx(2:end)))];;
  Dwy = N/sqrt(2)*ifft(Cx); % Ground Motion - y direction [m]
else
  Dwy = zeros(length(t), 1);
end

if args.Dwy && args.enable
  rng(113);
  theta = 2*pi*rand(N/2,1); % Generate random phase [rad]
  Cx = [0 ; C.*complex(cos(theta),sin(theta))];
  Cx = [Cx; flipud(conj(Cx(2:end)))];;
  Dwz = N/sqrt(2)*ifft(Cx); % Ground Motion - z direction [m]
else
  Dwz = zeros(length(t), 1);
end

Translation Stage - X direction

if args.Fty_x && args.enable
  phi = dist_f.psd_ty; % TODO - we take here the vertical direction which is wrong but approximate
  C = zeros(N/2,1);
  for i = 1:N/2
    C(i) = sqrt(phi(i)*df);
  end
  rng(121);
  theta = 2*pi*rand(N/2,1); % Generate random phase [rad]
  Cx = [0 ; C.*complex(cos(theta),sin(theta))];
  Cx = [Cx; flipud(conj(Cx(2:end)))];;
  u = N/sqrt(2)*ifft(Cx); % Disturbance Force Ty x [N]
  Fty_x = u;
else
  Fty_x = zeros(length(t), 1);
end

Translation Stage - Z direction

if args.Fty_z && args.enable
  phi = dist_f.psd_ty;
  C = zeros(N/2,1);
  for i = 1:N/2
    C(i) = sqrt(phi(i)*df);
  end
  rng(122);
  theta = 2*pi*rand(N/2,1); % Generate random phase [rad]
  Cx = [0 ; C.*complex(cos(theta),sin(theta))];
  Cx = [Cx; flipud(conj(Cx(2:end)))];;
  u = N/sqrt(2)*ifft(Cx); % Disturbance Force Ty z [N]
  Fty_z = u;
else
  Fty_z = zeros(length(t), 1);
end

Spindle - Z direction

if args.Frz_z && args.enable
  phi = dist_f.psd_rz;
  C = zeros(N/2,1);
  for i = 1:N/2
    C(i) = sqrt(phi(i)*df);
  end
  rng(131);
  theta = 2*pi*rand(N/2,1); % Generate random phase [rad]
  Cx = [0 ; C.*complex(cos(theta),sin(theta))];
  Cx = [Cx; flipud(conj(Cx(2:end)))];;
  u = N/sqrt(2)*ifft(Cx); % Disturbance Force Rz z [N]
  Frz_z = u;
else
  Frz_z = zeros(length(t), 1);
end

Direct Forces

u = zeros(length(t), 6);
Fd = u;

Set initial value to zero

Dwx    = Dwx   - Dwx(1);
Dwy    = Dwy   - Dwy(1);
Dwz    = Dwz   - Dwz(1);
Fty_x  = Fty_x - Fty_x(1);
Fty_z  = Fty_z - Fty_z(1);
Frz_z  = Frz_z - Frz_z(1);

Save

save('./mat/nass_disturbances.mat', 'Dwx', 'Dwy', 'Dwz', 'Fty_x', 'Fty_z', 'Frz_z', 'Fd', 'Ts', 't');

16 Initialize Position Errors

Function Declaration and Documentation

function [] = initializePosError(args)
% initializePosError - Initialize the position errors
%
% Syntax: [] = initializePosError(args)
%
% Inputs:
%    - args -

Optional Parameters

arguments
    args.error    logical {mustBeNumericOrLogical} = false
    args.Dy (1,1) double  {mustBeNumeric} = 0 % [m]
    args.Ry (1,1) double  {mustBeNumeric} = 0 % [m]
    args.Rz (1,1) double  {mustBeNumeric} = 0 % [m]
end

Structure initialization

First, we initialize the pos_error structure.

pos_error = struct();

Type

if args.error
  pos_error.type = 1;
else
  pos_error.type = 0;
end

Position Errors

pos_error.Dy = args.Dy;
pos_error.Ry = args.Ry;
pos_error.Rz = args.Rz;

Save

save('./mat/pos_error.mat', 'pos_error');

17 Z-Axis Geophone

function [geophone] = initializeZAxisGeophone(args)
    arguments
        args.mass (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 1e-3 % [kg]
        args.freq (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 1    % [Hz]
    end

    %%
    geophone.m = args.mass;

    %% The Stiffness is set to have the damping resonance frequency
    geophone.k = geophone.m * (2*pi*args.freq)^2;

    %% We set the damping value to have critical damping
    geophone.c = 2*sqrt(geophone.m * geophone.k);

    %% Save
    save('./mat/geophone_z_axis.mat', 'geophone');
end

18 Z-Axis Accelerometer

function [accelerometer] = initializeZAxisAccelerometer(args)
    arguments
        args.mass (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 1e-3 % [kg]
        args.freq (1,1) double {mustBeNumeric, mustBePositive} = 5e3  % [Hz]
    end

    %%
    accelerometer.m = args.mass;

    %% The Stiffness is set to have the damping resonance frequency
    accelerometer.k = accelerometer.m * (2*pi*args.freq)^2;

    %% We set the damping value to have critical damping
    accelerometer.c = 2*sqrt(accelerometer.m * accelerometer.k);

    %% Gain correction of the accelerometer to have a unity gain until the resonance
    accelerometer.gain = -accelerometer.k/accelerometer.m;

    %% Save
    save('./mat/accelerometer_z_axis.mat', 'accelerometer');
end

Subsystems used for the Simscape Models

Table of Contents

1 Simscape Configuration

Function description

Optional Parameters

Structure initialization

Add Type

Save the Structure

2 Logging Configuration

Function description

Optional Parameters

Structure initialization

Add Type

Sampling Time

Save the Structure

3 Ground

Simscape Model

Function description

Optional Parameters

Structure initialization

Add Type

Ground Solid properties

Rotation Point

Save the Structure

4 Granite

Simscape Model

Function description

Optional Parameters

Structure initialization

Add Granite Type

Material and Geometry

Stiffness and Damping properties

Equilibrium position of the each joint.

Save the Structure

5 Translation Stage

Simscape Model

Function description

Optional Parameters

Structure initialization

Add Translation Stage Type

Material and Geometry

Stiffness and Damping properties

Equilibrium position of the each joint.

Save the Structure

6 Tilt Stage

Simscape Model

Function description

Optional Parameters

Structure initialization

Add Tilt Type

Material and Geometry

Stiffness and Damping properties

Equilibrium position of the each joint.

Save the Structure

7 Spindle

Simscape Model

Function description

Optional Parameters

Structure initialization

Add Spindle Type

Material and Geometry

Stiffness and Damping properties

Equilibrium position of the each joint.

Save the Structure

8 Micro Hexapod

Simscape Model

Function description

Optional Parameters

Function content

Add Type

Save the Structure

9 Center of gravity compensation

Simscape Model

Function description

Optional Parameters

Structure initialization

Add Type

Material and Geometry

Save the Structure

10 Mirror