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<h1 class="title">Equipment</h1>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#org1af5a65">1. Sensors</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org345de9b">1.1. Inertial Sensor</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org9eb440f">1.1.1. Accelerometers</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1c1685c">1.1.2. Geophones</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org3d1b26a">1.2. Force Sensors</a></li>
<li><a href="#org2219d70">1.3. Position Sensor</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org0571216">1.3.1. Strain Gauge</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgdbc987c">1.3.2. Capacitive Sensor</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgab64af2">1.3.3. Inductive Sensor (Eddy Current)</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3d05a82">1.3.4. Inductive Sensor (LVDT)</a></li>
<li><a href="#org788de27">1.3.5. Interferometers</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge74fed5">1.3.6. Fiber Optic Displacement Sensor</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orge1364ea">1.4. Bibliography</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgabf9f04">2. Actuators</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgec3fd5e">2.1. Piezoelectric</a></li>
<li><a href="#org20c1e41">2.2. Voice Coil</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga9c7719">2.3. Shaker</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1da29ca">2.4. Brushless DC Motor</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org011f249">3. Measurement System / Acquisition System</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org17d2642">3.1. Modal Analysis</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgf3365f1">4. Control System</a></li>
<li><a href="#org481e1ce">5. Positioning Stages</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgb4655dc">5.1. Hexapods</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc48a5cf">5.2. Translation/Rotation Stage</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgbbd93cc">6. Amplifiers</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org7e96b05">6.1. Current Amplifiers</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1064094">6.2. Voltage Amplifiers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org92a9089">7. ESRF Equipment</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org4a238fa">7.1. Geophones</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org2eb48c6">7.1.1. L-28LB</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb9bdb92">7.1.2. L-4C</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9d19902">7.1.3. L-22</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org8cac7ce">7.2. Accelerometers</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org1af85ed">7.2.1. Pieozoelectric acc. 356b18 - 3 axis</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5b121e6">7.2.2. Ceramic acc. 393B05 - 1 axis</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org1f35a50">7.3. Modal analysis</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1af5a65" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org1af5a65"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> Sensors</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org345de9b" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org345de9b"><span class="section-number-3">1.1</span> Inertial Sensor</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9eb440f" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org9eb440f"><span class="section-number-4">1.1.1</span> Accelerometers</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-1-1">
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<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Micromega Dynamics</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://micromega-dynamics.com/products/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">MMF</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.mmf.de/seismic_accelerometers.htm">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">PCB</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.pcb.com/products/productfinder.aspx?tx=14">link</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
Wireless Accelerometers
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><a href="https://micromega-dynamics.com/products/recovib/miniature-vibration-recorder/">https://micromega-dynamics.com/products/recovib/miniature-vibration-recorder/</a></li>
</ul>
<div id="org955bc21" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/characteristics_accelerometers.png" alt="characteristics_accelerometers.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 1: </span>Characteristics of commercially available accelerometers cite:collette11<sub>review</sub></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1c1685c" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org1c1685c"><span class="section-number-4">1.1.2</span> Geophones</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-1-2">
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
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<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
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</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Sercel</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="http://www.sercel.com/products/Pages/seismometers.aspx">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Wilcoxon</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://wilcoxon.com/">link</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div id="orgdeb57d4" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/characteristics_geophone.png" alt="characteristics_geophone.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 2: </span>Characteristics of commercially available geophones cite:collette11<sub>review</sub></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3d1b26a" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org3d1b26a"><span class="section-number-3">1.2</span> Force Sensors</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-2">
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<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">PCB</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.pcb.com/products/productfinder.aspx?tx=17">link</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org2219d70" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org2219d70"><span class="section-number-3">1.3</span> Position Sensor</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-3">
<div id="orge91b043" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/characteristics_relative_sensor.png" alt="characteristics_relative_sensor.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 3: </span>Characteristics of relative measurement sensors cite:collette11<sub>review</sub></p>
</div>
<div id="orgc101b9e" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/position_sensor_characteristics.png" alt="position_sensor_characteristics.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 4: </span>Position sensor characteristics cite:fleming13<sub>review</sub><sub>nanom</sub><sub>resol</sub><sub>posit</sub><sub>sensor</sub></p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org0571216" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org0571216"><span class="section-number-4">1.3.1</span> Strain Gauge</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgdbc987c" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgdbc987c"><span class="section-number-4">1.3.2</span> Capacitive Sensor</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-3-2">
<p>
Description:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><a href="http://www.lionprecision.com/tech-library/technotes/cap-0020-sensor-theory.html">http://www.lionprecision.com/tech-library/technotes/cap-0020-sensor-theory.html</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.lionprecision.com/comparing-capacitive-and-eddy-current-sensors">https://www.lionprecision.com/comparing-capacitive-and-eddy-current-sensors</a></li>
</ul>
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<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-left" />
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<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Micro Sense</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="http://www.microsense.net/products-position-sensors.htm">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Micro-Epsilon</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.micro-epsilon.com/displacement-position-sensors/capacitive-sensor/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">PI</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.physikinstrumente.com/en/technology/sensor-technologies/capacitive-sensors/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Unipulse</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.unipulse.com/product/ps-ia/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Lion-Precision</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.lionprecision.com/products/capacitive-sensors">link</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgab64af2" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgab64af2"><span class="section-number-4">1.3.3</span> Inductive Sensor (Eddy Current)</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-3-3">
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
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<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
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<td class="org-left">Micro-Epsilon</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.micro-epsilon.com/displacement-position-sensors/eddy-current-sensor/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Lion Precision</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.lionprecision.com/products/eddy-current-sensors">link</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3d05a82" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org3d05a82"><span class="section-number-4">1.3.4</span> Inductive Sensor (LVDT)</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-3-4">
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<td class="org-left">Micro-Epsilon</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.micro-epsilon.com/displacement-position-sensors/inductive-sensor-lvdt/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Keyence</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.keyence.eu/products/measure/contact-distance-lvdt/gt2/index.jsp">link</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org788de27" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org788de27"><span class="section-number-4">1.3.5</span> Interferometers</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-3-5">
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Attocube</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="http://www.attocube.com/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Zygo</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.zygo.com/?/met/markets/stageposition/zmi/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Smaract</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.smaract.com/interferometry">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Qutools</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.qutools.com/qudis/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Renishaw</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.renishaw.com/en/fibre-optic-laser-encoder-products--6594">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Sios</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://sios-de.com/products/length-measurement/laser-interferometer/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Keysight</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.keysight.com/en/pc-1000000393%3Aepsg%3Apgr/laser-heads?nid=-536900395.0&cc=FR&lc=fre">link</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Table 1:</span> Characteristics of Environmental Units</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
<col class="org-right" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
<th scope="col" class="org-right">Temperature (\(\pm\ ^oC\))</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-right">Pressure (\(\pm\ hPa\))</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-right">Humidity \(\pm\ \% RH\)</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-right">Wavelength Accuracy (\(\pm\ \text{ppm}\))</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Attocube</td>
<td class="org-right">0.1</td>
<td class="org-right">1</td>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Renishaw</td>
<td class="org-right">0.2</td>
<td class="org-right">1</td>
<td class="org-right">6</td>
<td class="org-right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Picoscale</td>
<td class="org-right">0.2</td>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">2</td>
<td class="org-right">1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div id="orgd19975c" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/interferometer_precision.png" alt="interferometer_precision.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 5: </span>Expected precision of interferometer as a function of measured distance. Taken from cite:jang17<sub>compen</sub><sub>refrac</sub><sub>index</sub><sub>air</sub><sub>laser</sub></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge74fed5" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orge74fed5"><span class="section-number-4">1.3.6</span> Fiber Optic Displacement Sensor</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-3-6">
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Unipulse</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.unipulse.com/product/atw200-2/">link</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge1364ea" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orge1364ea"><span class="section-number-3">1.4</span> Bibliography</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-4">
<p>
cite:collette12<sub>compar</sub>
cite:collette12<sub>review</sub>
cite:fleming13<sub>review</sub><sub>nanom</sub><sub>resol</sub><sub>posit</sub><sub>sensor</sub>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgabf9f04" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgabf9f04"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> Actuators</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgec3fd5e" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgec3fd5e"><span class="section-number-3">2.1</span> Piezoelectric</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-1">
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Cedrat</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="http://www.cedrat-technologies.com/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">PI</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.physikinstrumente.com/en/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Piezo System</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.piezosystem.com/products/piezo_actuators/stacktypeactuators/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Noliac</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="http://www.noliac.com/">link</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org20c1e41" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org20c1e41"><span class="section-number-3">2.2</span> Voice Coil</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-2">
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Geeplus</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.geeplus.com/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Maccon</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.maccon.de/en.html">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">TDS PP</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.tds-pp.com/en/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">H2tech</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.h2wtech.com/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">PBA Systems</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="http://www.pbasystems.com.sg/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Celera Motion</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.celeramotion.com/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Beikimco</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="http://www.beikimco.com/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Electromate</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.electromate.com/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Magnetic Innovations</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.magneticinnovations.com/">link</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orga9c7719" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orga9c7719"><span class="section-number-3">2.3</span> Shaker</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-3">
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left"> </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">BKSV</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.bksv.com/en/products/shakers-and-exciters">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Vibration Research</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://vibrationresearch.com/shakers/">link</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Sentek Dynamics</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://www.sentekdynamics.com/">link</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
<a href="https://www.bksv.com/en/products/shakers-and-exciters/LDS-shaker-systems/permanent-magnet-shakers/V201">https://www.bksv.com/en/products/shakers-and-exciters/LDS-shaker-systems/permanent-magnet-shakers/V201</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1da29ca" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org1da29ca"><span class="section-number-3">2.4</span> Brushless DC Motor</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-4">
<p>
cite:yedamale03<sub>brush</sub><sub>dc</sub><sub>bldc</sub><sub>motor</sub><sub>fundam</sub>
</p>
<p>
<a href="https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2016/05/bldc-brushless-dc-motor-construction-working-principle.html">https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2016/05/bldc-brushless-dc-motor-construction-working-principle.html</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org011f249" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org011f249"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> Measurement System / Acquisition System</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org17d2642" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org17d2642"><span class="section-number-3">3.1</span> Modal Analysis</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-1">
<p>
<a href="https://dewesoft.com/applications/structural-dynamics/modal-analysis">https://dewesoft.com/applications/structural-dynamics/modal-analysis</a>
Polytec 3D Scanning Laser Vibrometer <a href="https://www.polytec.com/us/vibrometry/products/full-field-vibrometers/psv-500-scanning-vibrometer/">https://www.polytec.com/us/vibrometry/products/full-field-vibrometers/psv-500-scanning-vibrometer/</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgf3365f1" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgf3365f1"><span class="section-number-2">4</span> Control System</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
<p>
Dspace, Speedgoat
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org481e1ce" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org481e1ce"><span class="section-number-2">5</span> Positioning Stages</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb4655dc" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgb4655dc"><span class="section-number-3">5.1</span> Hexapods</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><a href="https://www.alioindustries.com/">https://www.alioindustries.com/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.symetrie.fr/en/home/">https://www.symetrie.fr/en/home/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.physikinstrumente.com/en/products/parallel-kinematic-hexapods/">https://www.physikinstrumente.com/en/products/parallel-kinematic-hexapods/</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc48a5cf" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgc48a5cf"><span class="section-number-3">5.2</span> Translation/Rotation Stage</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-2">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><a href="https://www.attocube.com/en/products/nanopositioners">https://www.attocube.com/en/products/nanopositioners</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.physikinstrumente.com/en/">https://www.physikinstrumente.com/en/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.aerotech.com/">https://www.aerotech.com/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.etel.ch/">https://www.etel.ch/</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgbbd93cc" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgbbd93cc"><span class="section-number-2">6</span> Amplifiers</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-6">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org7e96b05" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org7e96b05"><span class="section-number-3">6.1</span> Current Amplifiers</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1064094" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org1064094"><span class="section-number-3">6.2</span> Voltage Amplifiers</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org92a9089" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org92a9089"><span class="section-number-2">7</span> ESRF Equipment</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-7">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4a238fa" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org4a238fa"><span class="section-number-3">7.1</span> Geophones</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-7-1">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org2eb48c6" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org2eb48c6"><span class="section-number-4">7.1.1</span> L-28LB</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-7-1-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><a href="http://www.sercel.com/products/Pages/seismometers.aspx">http://www.sercel.com/products/Pages/seismometers.aspx</a></li>
<li><a href="files/Geophones_specifications_Sercel_EN.pdf">Data Sheet</a>.</li>
</ul>
<div id="org81e42a0" class="figure">
<p><img src="./figs/L28LB.png" alt="L28LB.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 6: </span>Picture of the L-28LB Geophone</p>
</div>
<table id="org142b295" border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Table 2:</span> L-28LB Parameters</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-right" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Natural Frequency [Hz]</td>
<td class="org-right">4.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Weight [g]</td>
<td class="org-right">140</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Sensitivity [V/(m/s)]</td>
<td class="org-right">31.3</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
We define the parameters of the geophone and we plot its bode plot (figure <a href="#org61ce6c0">7</a>).
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">w0 = 4.5<span class="org-type">*</span>2<span class="org-type">*</span><span class="org-constant">pi</span>; <span class="org-comment">% [rad/s]</span>
ksi = 0.38;
G0 = 31.3; <span class="org-comment">% [V/(m/s)]</span>
G = G0<span class="org-type">*</span>(s<span class="org-type">/</span>w0)<span class="org-type">^</span>2<span class="org-type">/</span>((s<span class="org-type">/</span>w0)<span class="org-type">^</span>2 <span class="org-type">+</span> 2<span class="org-type">*</span>ksi<span class="org-type">*</span>(s<span class="org-type">/</span>w0) <span class="org-type">+</span> 1);
</pre>
</div>
<div id="org61ce6c0" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/L28LB_bode_plot.png" alt="L28LB_bode_plot.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 7: </span>Bode plot of the L-28LB Geophone</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb9bdb92" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgb9bdb92"><span class="section-number-4">7.1.2</span> L-4C</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-7-1-2">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><a href="http://www.sercel.com/products/Pages/seismometers.aspx">http://www.sercel.com/products/Pages/seismometers.aspx</a></li>
<li><a href="files/Geophones_specifications_Sercel_EN.pdf">Data Sheet</a>.</li>
</ul>
<div id="orgf0ac798" class="figure">
<p><img src="./figs/L4C.png" alt="L4C.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 8: </span>Picture of the L-4C Geophone</p>
</div>
<table id="orgc9255f6" border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Table 3:</span> L4C Parameters</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-right" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Natural Frequency [Hz]</td>
<td class="org-right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Weight [g]</td>
<td class="org-right">2150</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Sensitivity [V/(m/s)]</td>
<td class="org-right">276.8</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
The transfer function from the velocity and the measured voltage is defined below.
</p>
<p>
Its bode plot is shown on figure <a href="#org5ef3668">9</a>.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-matlab">w0 = 2<span class="org-type">*</span><span class="org-constant">pi</span>; <span class="org-comment">% [rad/s]</span>
ksi = 0.28;
G0 = 276.8; <span class="org-comment">% [V/(m/s)]</span>
G = G0<span class="org-type">*</span>(s<span class="org-type">/</span>w0)<span class="org-type">^</span>2<span class="org-type">/</span>((s<span class="org-type">/</span>w0)<span class="org-type">^</span>2 <span class="org-type">+</span> 2<span class="org-type">*</span>ksi<span class="org-type">*</span>(s<span class="org-type">/</span>w0) <span class="org-type">+</span> 1);
</pre>
</div>
<div id="org5ef3668" class="figure">
<p><img src="figs/L4C_bode_plot.png" alt="L4C_bode_plot.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 9: </span>Bode plot of the L4C Geophone</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9d19902" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org9d19902"><span class="section-number-4">7.1.3</span> L-22</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-7-1-3">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><a href="https://www.passcal.nmt.edu/content/instrumentation/sensors/short-period-sensors/l-22-sp-sensor">https://www.passcal.nmt.edu/content/instrumentation/sensors/short-period-sensors/l-22-sp-sensor</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org8cac7ce" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org8cac7ce"><span class="section-number-3">7.2</span> Accelerometers</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-7-2">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1af85ed" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org1af85ed"><span class="section-number-4">7.2.1</span> Pieozoelectric acc. 356b18 - 3 axis</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-7-2-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><a href="https://www.pcbpiezotronics.fr/produit/accelerometres/356b18/">https://www.pcbpiezotronics.fr/produit/accelerometres/356b18/</a></li>
<li><a href="files/356B18_G.pdf">Data Sheet</a>.</li>
</ul>
<div id="org74b4d72" class="figure">
<p><img src="./figs/356b18.jpg" alt="356b18.jpg" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 10: </span>Pieozoelectric acc. 356b18 - 3 axis</p>
</div>
<table id="orgdf4ad5b" border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Table 4:</span> 356b18 Parameters</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Sensitivity</td>
<td class="org-left">0.102 \(V/(m/s^2)\)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Measurement Range</td>
<td class="org-left">4.9 \(m/s^2\) pk</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Frequency Range</td>
<td class="org-left">0.5 to 3000 Hz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">resonant frequency</td>
<td class="org-left">> 20000 hz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">broadband resolution</td>
<td class="org-left">0.0005 \(m/s^2\) rms</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org5b121e6" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org5b121e6"><span class="section-number-4">7.2.2</span> Ceramic acc. 393B05 - 1 axis</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-7-2-2">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><a href="http://www.pcb.com/products.aspx?m=393B05">http://www.pcb.com/products.aspx?m=393B05</a></li>
<li><a href="files/393B05_K.pdf">Data Sheet</a>.</li>
</ul>
<div id="org6fd3563" class="figure">
<p><img src="./figs/393b05.jpg" alt="393b05.jpg" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 11: </span>Ceramic acc. 393B05 - 1 axis</p>
</div>
<table id="org50a7223" border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Table 5:</span> 393B05 Parameters</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Sensitivity (±10 %)</td>
<td class="org-left">1.02 \(V/(m/s^2)\)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Measurement Range</td>
<td class="org-left">4.9 \(m/s^2\) pk</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Frequency Range (±5 %)</td>
<td class="org-left">0.7 to 450 Hz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">resonant frequency</td>
<td class="org-left">> 2500 hz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">broadband resolution</td>
<td class="org-left">0.00004 \(m/s^2\) rms</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1f35a50" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org1f35a50"><span class="section-number-3">7.3</span> Modal analysis</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-7-3">
<p>
<a href="http://www.oros.com/3900-oros-modal-2.htm">http://www.oros.com/3900-oros-modal-2.htm</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="author">Author: Dehaeze Thomas</p>
<p class="date">Created: 2020-02-04 mar. 17:05</p>
</div>
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