diff --git a/content/book/morrison16_groun_shiel.md b/content/book/morrison16_groun_shiel.md index 6800cc7..0b7e6ab 100644 --- a/content/book/morrison16_groun_shiel.md +++ b/content/book/morrison16_groun_shiel.md @@ -40,38 +40,14 @@ This displacement current flows when charges are added or removed from the plate - -### Introduction {#introduction} - - -### Charges and Electrons {#charges-and-electrons} - - -### The electric force field {#the-electric-force-field} - - -### Field representation {#field-representation} - {{< figure src="/ox-hugo/morrison16_E_field_charge.svg" caption="Figure 1: The force field lines around a positively chaged conducting sphere" >}} - -### The definition of voltage {#the-definition-of-voltage} - - -### Equipotential surfaces {#equipotential-surfaces} - - -### The force field or \\(E\\) field between two conducting plates {#the-force-field-or-e-field-between-two-conducting-plates} - {{< figure src="/ox-hugo/morrison16_force_field_plates.svg" caption="Figure 2: The force field between two conducting plates with equal and opposite charges and spacing distance \\(h\\)" >}} - -### Electric field patterns {#electric-field-patterns} - {{< figure src="/ox-hugo/morrison16_electric_field_ground_plane.svg" caption="Figure 3: The electric field pattern of one circuit trace and two circuit traces over a ground plane" >}} @@ -80,44 +56,11 @@ This displacement current flows when charges are added or removed from the plate {{< figure src="/ox-hugo/morrison16_electric_field_shielded_conductor.svg" caption="Figure 4: Field configuration around a shielded conductor" >}} - -### The energy stored in an electric field {#the-energy-stored-in-an-electric-field} - - -### Dielectrics {#dielectrics} - - -### The \\(D\\) field {#the-d-field} - {{< figure src="/ox-hugo/morrison16_E_D_fields.svg" caption="Figure 5: The electric field pattern in the presence of a dielectric" >}} -### Capacitance {#capacitance} - - -### Mutual capacitance {#mutual-capacitance} - - -### Displacement current {#displacement-current} - - -### Energy stored in a capacitor {#energy-stored-in-a-capacitor} - - -### Forces in the electric field {#forces-in-the-electric-field} - - -### Capacitors {#capacitors} - - -### Dielectric absorption {#dielectric-absorption} - - -### Resistance of plane conductors {#resistance-of-plane-conductors} - - ## Magnetics {#magnetics}
@@ -325,87 +268,6 @@ Radiation occurs at the leading edge of a wave as it moves down the transmission
-### Introduction {#introduction} - - -### The Transport of Electrical Energy {#the-transport-of-electrical-energy} - - -### Transmission Lines–Introduction {#transmission-lines-introduction} - - -### Transmission Line Operations {#transmission-line-operations} - - -### Transmission line field patterns {#transmission-line-field-patterns} - - -### A terminated transmission line {#a-terminated-transmission-line} - - -### The unterminated transmission line {#the-unterminated-transmission-line} - - -### A short circuit termination {#a-short-circuit-termination} - - -### The real world {#the-real-world} - - -### Sine waves versus step voltages {#sine-waves-versus-step-voltages} - - -### A bit of history {#a-bit-of-history} - - -### Ideal conditions {#ideal-conditions} - - -### Reflection and tramission coefficients {#reflection-and-tramission-coefficients} - - -### Taking energy from an ideal energy source {#taking-energy-from-an-ideal-energy-source} - - -### A capacitor as a transmission line {#a-capacitor-as-a-transmission-line} - - -### Decoupling capacitors and natural frequencies {#decoupling-capacitors-and-natural-frequencies} - - -### Printed circuit boards {#printed-circuit-boards} - - -### Two-layer logic boards {#two-layer-logic-boards} - - -### Vars {#vars} - - -### The termination of transmission lines {#the-termination-of-transmission-lines} - - -### Energy in the ground/power plane capacitance {#energy-in-the-ground-power-plane-capacitance} - - -### Poynting's vector {#poynting-s-vector} - - -### Skin effect {#skin-effect} - - -### Measurement problems: ground bounce {#measurement-problems-ground-bounce} - - -### Balance transmission {#balance-transmission} - - -### Ribbon cable and connectors {#ribbon-cable-and-connectors} - - -### Interfacing analog and digital circuits {#interfacing-analog-and-digital-circuits} - - ## Analog Circuits {#analog-circuits}
@@ -548,9 +410,6 @@ Note that the secondary coil is connected to the circuit common conductor. {{< figure src="/ox-hugo/morrison16_power_transformer_enclosure.png" caption="Figure 12: A power transformer added to the circuit enclosure" >}} -### The two-ground problem {#the-two-ground-problem} - - ### Instrumentation and the two-ground problem {#instrumentation-and-the-two-ground-problem} The basic analog problem is to condition a signal associated with one ground reference potential and transport this signal to a second ground reference potential without adding interference. @@ -560,15 +419,6 @@ The basic analog problem is to condition a signal associated with one ground ref {{< figure src="/ox-hugo/morrison16_two_ground_problem.svg" caption="Figure 13: The two-circuit enclosures used to transport signals between grounds" >}} -### Strain-gauge instrumentation {#strain-gauge-instrumentation} - - -### The floating strain-gauge {#the-floating-strain-gauge} - - -### The thermocouple {#the-thermocouple} - - ### The basic low-gain differential amplifier (forward referencing amplifier) {#the-basic-low-gain-differential-amplifier--forward-referencing-amplifier} @@ -576,15 +426,6 @@ The basic analog problem is to condition a signal associated with one ground ref {{< figure src="/ox-hugo/morrison16_low_gain_diff_amp.svg" caption="Figure 14: The low-gain differential amplifier applied to the two-ground problem" >}} -### Shielding in power transformers {#shielding-in-power-transformers} - - -### Calibration and interference {#calibration-and-interference} - - -### The guard shield above 100kHz {#the-guard-shield-above-100khz} - - ### Signal flow paths in analog circuits {#signal-flow-paths-in-analog-circuits}
@@ -605,12 +446,6 @@ Here are a few rule that will help in analog board layout:
-### Parallel active components {#parallel-active-components} - - -### Feedback stability - Introduction {#feedback-stability-introduction} - - ### Feedback theory {#feedback-theory} @@ -622,21 +457,6 @@ Here are a few rule that will help in analog board layout: {{< figure src="/ox-hugo/morrison16_LR_stabilizing_network.svg" caption="Figure 16: An LR-stabilizing network" >}} -### Output loads and circuit stability {#output-loads-and-circuit-stability} - - -### Feedback around a power stage {#feedback-around-a-power-stage} - - -### Constant current loops {#constant-current-loops} - - -### Filters and aliasing errors {#filters-and-aliasing-errors} - - -### Isolation and DC-to-DC converters {#isolation-and-dc-to-dc-converters} - - ### Charge converter basics {#charge-converter-basics} In vibration analysis, piezoelectric sensors are used which are electrically equivalent to a capacitor. @@ -677,18 +497,6 @@ It converts a charge signal to a voltage. {{< figure src="/ox-hugo/morrison16_charge_amplifier_feedback_resistor.svg" caption="Figure 18: The resistor feedback arrangement to control the low-frequency response" >}} -### DC power supplies {#dc-power-supplies} - - -### Guard rings {#guard-rings} - - -### Thermocouple effects {#thermocouple-effects} - - -### Some thoughts on instrumentation {#some-thoughts-on-instrumentation} - - ## Utility Power and Facility Grounding {#utility-power-and-facility-grounding}
@@ -711,136 +519,6 @@ Solar winds can disrupt power distribution and damage oil pipelines.
-### Introduction {#introduction} - - -### Semantics {#semantics} - -Here are the key words used by a power engineer as defined by the NEC: - -Ground -: - - -Equipment ground -: - - -The grounded conductor -: - - -The ungrounded conductor -: - - -Neutral -: - - -Isolated ground -: - - -Service entrance -: - - -Grounding electrode system -: - - -Feeder circuit -: - - -Branch circuit -: - - -Separately derived power -: - - -Listed equipment -: - - -### Utility power {#utility-power} - - -### The earth as a conductor {#the-earth-as-a-conductor} - - -### The neutral conneciton to earth {#the-neutral-conneciton-to-earth} - - -### Group potential differences {#group-potential-differences} - - -### Field coupling to power conductors {#field-coupling-to-power-conductors} - - -### Neutral conductors {#neutral-conductors} - - -### \\(k\\) factor in transformers {#k-factor-in-transformers} - - -### Power factor correction {#power-factor-correction} - - -### Ungrounded power {#ungrounded-power} - - -### A request for power {#a-request-for-power} - - -### Earth power currents {#earth-power-currents} - - -### Line filters {#line-filters} - - -### Isolated grounds {#isolated-grounds} - - -### Facility ground - Some history {#facility-ground-some-history} - - -### Ground planes in facilities {#ground-planes-in-facilities} - - -### Other ground planes {#other-ground-planes} - - -### Ground planes at remote sites {#ground-planes-at-remote-sites} - - -### Extending ground planes {#extending-ground-planes} - - -### Lightning {#lightning} - - -### Lightning and facilities {#lightning-and-facilities} - - -### Lightning protection for boats and ships {#lightning-protection-for-boats-and-ships} - - -### Grounding of boats and ships at dock {#grounding-of-boats-and-ships-at-dock} - - -### Aircraft grounding (fueling) {#aircraft-grounding--fueling} - - -### Ground Fault Interruption (GFI) {#ground-fault-interruption--gfi} - - -### Isolation transformers {#isolation-transformers} - - ## Radiation {#radiation}
@@ -860,45 +538,6 @@ Simple tools for locating sources of radiation are suggested.
-### Handling radiation and susceptibility {#handling-radiation-and-susceptibility} - - -### Radiation {#radiation} - - -### Sine waves and transmission lines {#sine-waves-and-transmission-lines} - - -### Approximations for pulses and square waves {#approximations-for-pulses-and-square-waves} - - -### Radiation from components {#radiation-from-components} - - -### The dipole antenna {#the-dipole-antenna} - - -### Wave impedance {#wave-impedance} - - -### Field strength and antenna gain {#field-strength-and-antenna-gain} - - -### Radiation from loops {#radiation-from-loops} - - -### E-field coupling to a loop {#e-field-coupling-to-a-loop} - - -### Radiation from printed circuit boards {#radiation-from-printed-circuit-boards} - - -### The sniffer and the antenna {#the-sniffer-and-the-antenna} - - -### Microwave ovens {#microwave-ovens} - - ## Shielding from Radiation {#shielding-from-radiation}
@@ -951,72 +590,6 @@ The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is a function of the conduct To transport RF power without reflections, the source impedance and the terminating impedance must match the line impedance. -### Low-noise cables {#low-noise-cables} - - -### Transfer impedance {#transfer-impedance} - - -### Waveguides {#waveguides} - - -### Electromagnetic fields over a ground plane {#electromagnetic-fields-over-a-ground-plane} - - -### Fields and conductors {#fields-and-conductors} - - -### Conductive enclosures - Introduction {#conductive-enclosures-introduction} - - -### Coupling through enclosure walls by an induction fields {#coupling-through-enclosure-walls-by-an-induction-fields} - - -### Reflection and absorption of field energy at a conducting surface {#reflection-and-absorption-of-field-energy-at-a-conducting-surface} - - -### Independent apertures {#independent-apertures} - - -### Dependent apertures {#dependent-apertures} - - -### Honeycombs {#honeycombs} - - -### Summing field penetrations {#summing-field-penetrations} - - -### Power line filters {#power-line-filters} - - -### Backshell connectors {#backshell-connectors} - - -### H-field coupling {#h-field-coupling} - - -### Gaskets {#gaskets} - - -### Finger stock {#finger-stock} - - -### Glass apertures {#glass-apertures} - - -### Guarding large transistors {#guarding-large-transistors} - - -### Mounting components on surfaces {#mounting-components-on-surfaces} - - -### Zappers {#zappers} - - -### Shielded and screen rooms {#shielded-and-screen-rooms} - - ## Bibliography {#bibliography}