This first chapter described the electric field that is basic to all electrical activity.
The electric or \\(E\\) field represents forces between charges.
The basic charge is the electron.
When charges are placed on conductive surfaces, these forces move the charges to positions that store the least potential energy.
This energy is stored in an electric field.
The work required to move a unit of charge between two points in this field is the voltage between those two points.
Capacitors are conductor geometries used to store electric field energy.
The ability to store energy is enhanced by using dielectrics.
It is convenient to use two measures of the electric field.
The field that is created by charges is called the \\(D\\) field and the field that results in forces is the \\(E\\) field.
A changing \\(D\\) field represents a displacement current in space.
This changing current has an associated magnetic field.
This displacement current flows when charges are added or removed from the plates of a capacitor.
### Introduction {#introduction}
This chapter discusses magnetic fields.
As in the electric field, there are two measures of the same magnetic field.
The \\(H\\) field is the direct result of current flow.
The \\(B\\) field is the force of induction field that operates motors and transformers.
As in the electric field, the magnetic field is represented by field lines.
The \\(B\\) field lines are continuous and form closed curves.
The \\(H\\) field flux lines follow the \\(B\\) field lines but change intensity depending on the permeability of the material in the magnetic path.
In this chapter, the movement of electrical energy into inductors or across transformers is discussed.
This extends the ideas that both fields are need to move energy.
Both electric and magnetic fields are need in transformers action or to place energy into an inductor.
It will be shown that iron cores in transformers reduce the magnetizing current so that transformer action is practical at power frequencies.
The idea that a changing electric field creates both a displacement current and a magnetic field discussed in Chapter 1.
In this chapter, it is shown that a changing magnetic field produces both an electric field and voltages.
Both fields must be in transition before an electrical energy can be moved.
## Digital Electronics {#digital-electronics}
### 3.1. Introduction {#3-dot-1-dot-introduction}
### 3.2. The Transport of Electrical Energy {#3-dot-2-dot-the-transport-of-electrical-energy}
### 3.3. Transmission Lines–Introduction {#3-dot-3-dot-transmission-lines-introduction}
### 3.4. Transmission Line Operations {#3-dot-4-dot-transmission-line-operations}
## Analog Circuits {#analog-circuits}
## Utility Power and Facility Grounding {#utility-power-and-facility-grounding}
## Radiation {#radiation}
## Shielding from Radiation {#shielding-from-radiation}
## Bibliography {#bibliography}