diff --git a/content/zettels/tuned_mass_damper.md b/content/zettels/tuned_mass_damper.md index 0592497..10ee42c 100644 --- a/content/zettels/tuned_mass_damper.md +++ b/content/zettels/tuned_mass_damper.md @@ -12,9 +12,99 @@ Review: (Elias and Matsagar 2017) ## Working Principle {#working-principle} +The basic idea is to damp the resonance of a structure (called the primary system) by attaching a resonant system to it, the Tuned Mass Damper (TMD). +Usually, the resonance frequency of the TMD should match the resonance of the primary system that is to be damped. +The TMD then has large internal damping such that the energy is dissipated (i.e. the resonance of the primary system is well damped). + {{< youtube qDzGCgLu59A >}} +## Tuned Mass Damper Optimization {#tuned-mass-damper-optimization} + +The optimal parameters of the tuned mass damper can be roughly estimated as follows: + +- Choose the maximum mass of the TMD \\(m\\) and note: + \\[ \mu = m/M \\] + where \\(M\\) is the mass of the system to damp +- The resonance frequency of the tuned mass damper should be chosen to be + \\[ \nu = \frac{1}{1 + \mu} \approx 1 \\] + As usually we have \\(\mu \ll 1\\) (i.e. TMD mass small compared to the structure mass, for instance few percent) +- This allows to compute the stiffness of the TMD: + \\[ k = \nu^2 K \mu = K \frac{\mu}{(1 + \mu)^2} \\] +- Finally, the optimal damping of the TMD is: + \\[ \xi = \sqrt{\frac{3\mu}{8 (1 + \mu)}} \Longrightarrow c = 2 \xi \sqrt{k m} \\] + + +## Simple TMD model {#simple-tmd-model} + +Let's consider a primary system that is represented by a mass-spring-damper system with the following parameters: \\(m\_1\\), \\(k\_1\\), \\(c\_1\\). +The TMD is also represented by a mass-spring-damper system with parameters \\(m\_2\\), \\(k\_2\\), \\(c\_2\\). +The system is schematically represented in Figure [1](#figure--fig:tuned-mass-damper-schematic). + +The goal is to limit the peak amplitude of \\(x\_1\\) due to \\(x\_0\\) (or a force affecting \\(m\_1\\) for instance). + + + +{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/tuned_mass_damper_schematic.png" caption="Figure 1: Mass Spring Damper representation of the Primary System and the Tuned Mass Damper" >}} + +The parameter of the primary system are defined as follow: + +```matlab +%% Primary system parameters +m1 = 100; % Mass [kg] +k1 = 1e7; % Stiffness [N/m] +c1 = 300; % Damping [N/(m/s)] +``` + +Then, the mass of the TMD is fixed and its optical parameters are computed: + +```matlab +%% Tuned Mass Damper Parameters +mu = 0.02; % Mass ratio + +m2 = mu*m1; +k2 = k1*mu/(1 + mu)^2; +xi = sqrt(3*mu/(8*(1 + mu))); +c2 = 2*xi*sqrt(k2*m2); +``` + +
+ +| | Mass `m2` [kg] | Stiffness `k2` [N/m] | Damping `c2` [N/(m/s)] | +|-------|----------------|----------------------|------------------------| +| Value | 2 | 192234 | 106.338 | + +The transfer function from \\(x\_0\\) to \\(x\_1\\) with and without the TMD are computed and shown in Figure + +```matlab +%% Transfer function from X0 to X1 without TMD +G1 = (c1*s + k1)/(m1*s^2 + c1*s + k1); + +%% Transfer function from X0 to X1 with TMD +G2 = (m2*s^2 + c2*s + k2)*(c1*s + k1)/((m1*s^2 + c1*s + k1)*(m2*s^2 + c2*s + k2) + m2*s^2*(c2*s + k2)); +``` + + + +{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/tuned_mass_damper_effect_tmd.png" caption="Figure 2: Comparison of the transmissibility with and without the TMD" >}} + +Let's now see how the mass of the TMD can affect its efficiency. + +The following mass ratios are tested: + +```matlab +%% Mass ratios +mus = [0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1]; +``` + + + +{{< figure src="/ox-hugo/tuned_mass_damper_mass_effect.png" caption="Figure 3: Effect of the TMD mass on its efficiency" >}} + + ## Manufacturers {#manufacturers}